638 



STARCHES OF AMARYLLIDACEiB. 



Reaction with pyrogallic acid begins immediately. A few grains are gelatinized in 30 seconds, 

 more than half in IH minutes, nearly all in 23^ minutes, all but rare resistant grains in 3 minutes, 

 and all in 4 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in C. fimbriatulum, except that the 

 bubble at the hilum is rarely so large or so persistent as in that species. 



With ferric chloride the grains begin to swell in a minute. About half are gelatinized in 5 min- 

 utes, about five-eighths in 15 minutes, and all but rare resistant grains in 30 minutes, in which the 

 reaction is complete in 60 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as the second method 

 noted for C. fimbriatulum. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins in a minute. A few grains are gelatinized in 5 minutes, 

 very slight progress is noted at 30 minutes, and about one-tenth are gelatinized in 60 minutes. 

 The reaction is qualitatively the same as in C. fimbriatulum. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Crinum. 

 HiSTOLoaicAL Charactebistics. Iodine Reactions. 



Conspicuous Forms. 



C. fimbriatulum: Usually simple, few aggregates and com- 

 pounds, occasional pressure facets, often irregular. 

 Elongated ovoid, often with squared, concave, or 

 diagonal distal end; ovoid, pyriform, ellipsoidal and 

 nearly round. 



C americanum: Essentially the same as in C fimbriatu- 

 lum, but a smaller number of compounds and aggre- 

 gates. 



Hilum — Form, Number, and Position. 



C.fimbriatidum: Form clear, round or lenticular spot; 



usually fissured, fissuration crescentic, a cross, or 



dragon-fly shape. Position eccentric about 0.33 to 



0.16 of longitudinal axis. 

 C. americanum: Form the same as in C. fimbriatulum, but 



not usually fissured. Position eccentric about 0.33 



to 0.25 of longitudinal axis. 



LamxUoB — General Characteristics and Number. 



C. fimbriatulum: Fine circular or oval rings about hilum, 

 but follow outUne of grain when distal; usually not 

 demonstrable near hilum . Often one or more coarse 

 refractive lamellse. 24 to 26. 



C, americanum: Essentially the same as in C. fimbriatu- 

 lum, but can be seen over a larger part of a larger 

 number of grains. 24 to 26. 



Sue. 



C. fimbriatulum: From 3 to 58m, commonly 44 by 28/x. 

 C ameneanum: From 3 to 44/»i commonly 24 by 14/x. 



POLAHIBCOPIC I^OPEBTIES. 



Figure. 



C. fimbriatulum: Eccentric, distinct; lines rather thin, usu- 

 ally straight, intersect obliquely, often bent, and 

 sometimes bisected. 



C. americanum: The same as in C. fimbriatulum, but the 

 figure is less irregular. 



Deijree of PolaruxUion. 



C. fimbriatulum: High to very high. 

 C. americanum: High to very hif^ but somewhat lower, 

 on the whole, than in C fimbriatulum. 



Polarization with Selenile — Quadrants and Colors. 



C. fimbriatulum: Quadrants distinct, fairly clear-cut, un- 

 equal in size, generally irregular in shape. Colors 

 usually not pure. 



C. americanum: Quadrants the same as in C. fimbriatulum, 

 but regular in shape. Colors generally pure. 



Intensity and Color. 



C. fimbriatulum: Deep; blue-violet. 

 C. americanum: Deep, deeper than in C. fimbriatulum; 

 blue- violet. 



Staining Reactions. 



With Gentian Violet. 



C. fimbriatulum: Light. 



C. americanum: Light, deeper than in C. fimbriatulum. 



With Safranin. 



C. fimbriatulum: Fair. 



C. americanum: Fair, slightly deeper than in C. fimbria- 

 tulum. 



Tempeeatubb of Gelatinization. 



C. fimbriatulum: 75 to 77° C, mean 76°. 

 C. americanum: 76 to 78° C, mean 77°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 

 Reaction with Chloral Hydrate-Iodine. 



C. fimbriattdum: Begins immediately; complete in prac- 

 tically all in 30 minutes. 



C. americanum: Begins immediately; complete in prac- 

 tically all in 12 minutes. 



Reaction inth Chromic Add. 



C. fimbriatulum: Begins in a few in 45 seconds; complete 



in practically all in 14 minutes. 

 C. americanum: Begins in a few in 45 seconds; complete 



in all in 10 minutes. 



Reaction with PyrogaUic Add. 



C. fimbriatulum: Begins in a few in 30 seconds; complete 



in practically all in 5 minutes. 

 C. americanum: Begins in a few immediately; complete 



in practically all in 3 minutes. 



Reaction with Ferric Chloride. 



C. fimbriatulum: Begins in a few in 2 minutes; complete 

 in nine-tenths in 60 minutes. 



C. ammcanum: Begins in a minute; complete in practi- 

 cally all in 30 minutes. 



Reaction with Purdy's Solution. 



C. fimbriatulum: Begins in a few in a minute; a few are 

 gelatinized in 5 minutes; very little progress in an 

 hour. 



C. americanum: Begins in a minute; a few are gelatinized 

 in 5 minutes, and about one-tenth in an hour. 



