720 



STARCHES OP IRIDACE^. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Gladiolus. — Continued. 



HisTOLoaiCAL Cbaeacteristics. — Continued. 

 Hilum — Form, Number, and Position. 



G. byzantintts: Fonn usually not distinct, comparatively 

 large, single round spot, not fissured. Position 

 centric or eccentric to atiout 0.40 of the longitud- 

 inal axis. 



G. primvlinus: Form fairly distinct, large, round spot, 

 single, never fissured. Position usually centric. 



O. eardinalis var. (Blushing Bride): Form fturly distinct, 

 comparatively large, round spot, single, never fis- 

 sured, rarely double. Position centric or eccentric 

 to about 0.40 of the longitudinal axis. 



G. floribundus: Form fairly distinct, large, round spot, 

 single, never fissurea. Position centric or eccentric 

 to about 0.40 or more of the longitudinal axis. 



Lamellae — General Characteristics and Number. 



G. byzanlinus: Not distinct, regular, coarse rings follow- 

 ing outline of margin. 6 on larger grains. 



G. primidinus: Invisible. 



O. eca-dinalis var. {Blushing Bride): Not very distinct, 

 regular, coarse rings. 6 to 8 on larger grains. 



O. floribundus: Invisible. 



Size. 



G. byzanlinus: From 3 to 26^, commonly 16;t». 

 G. primulinus: From 2 to 14/:j, commonly 10/x. 

 O. eardinalis var. {Blushing Bride): From 3 to 37/i, com- 

 monly 30m. 

 G. floribundus: From 2 to 12/*, conmionly 8/j. 



PoLABiscopic Pbopebties. 

 Figure. 



G. byzanlinus: Centric or somewhat eccentric, distinct, 



not entirely clear-cut, slight irregularities. 

 G. primvlinus: Essentially the same as in G. byzanlinus, 



but the form is usually centric. 

 O. eardinalis var. (Bltishing Bride): Essentially the same 



as in O. byzanlinus, double and triple figures 



common. 

 0. floribundus: Essentially the same as in G. byzanlinus. 



Degree of Polarization. 



0. byzanlinus: Fairly high, very variable. 



0. -primulinus: Fair, not very variable, lower than in 



G. byzanlinus. 

 G. eardinalis var. {Blushing Bride): High, not very 



variable, higher than in G. byzanlinus. 

 G. floribundus: Fairly high, not very variable, not quite 



so high as in G. byzanlinus. 



Polarization with Selenite — Quadrants and Colors. 



G. byzanlinus: Quadrants generally well defined, irregu- 

 lar in shape, unequal in size. Colors often pure. 



G. primulinus: Quadrants usually fairly well defined, 

 regular, and nearly equal in size. Colors fairly pure. 



G. eardinalis var. (Blushing Bride): Quadrants well 

 defined, regular, nearly equal in size. Colors 

 fairly pure. 



G. floribundus: Quadrants usually well defined, regular, 

 nearly equal in size. Colors fairly pure. 



loDiNB Reactions. 

 Intensity and Color. 

 G. byzanlinus: Fairly deep; violet. 

 G. pnmulinus: Fairly deep, but less than in G. hyzan- 



tinus; violet. 

 G. eardinalis var. {Blushing Bride): Fairly deep, slightly 



deeper than in G. byzanlinus; violet. 

 G. floribundus: Fairiy deep, the same as in G. byzanlinus; 

 violet. 



Staining Reactions. 

 With Gentian Violet. 

 G. byzanlinus: Very light. 



G. primulinus: Very light, Ughter than in G. byzanlinus. 

 G. eardinalis var. (Blushing Bride): Fair, deeper than in 



G. byzanlinus. 

 G. floribundus: Very light, lighter than in <?. byzanlinus. 



With Safranin. 



G. byzanlinus: Fair. 



G. primulinus: Light, distinctly less than in G. byzan- 

 linus. 



G. eardinalis var. (Blushing Bride): Fair, about the same 

 as in G. byzardinus. 



G. floribundus: Fair, but slightly less than in G. byzanr. 

 tinus. 



Tempebatube of Gelatinization. 

 G. byzanlinus: 78 to 79° C, mean 78.5°. 

 G. pnmulinus: 80 to 82° C, mean 81°. 

 G. eardinalis var. (Blushing Bride): 80 to 81° C, mean 



80.5°. 

 G. floribundus: 76 to 77° C, mean 76.5°. 



Effects of Vabious Reagents. 

 Reaction vnth Chloral Hydrate-Iodine. 



G. byzanlinus: Begins in most grains in 2 minutes; com- 

 plete in three-fom-ths in 75 minutes. 



G. primvlinus: Begins in some grains in 30 seconds; com- 

 plete in three-fourths in 105 minutes. 



G. eardinalis var. (Blushing Bride): Begins in many grains 

 in IJ^ minutes; complete in three-fourths in 40 

 minutes. 



G. floribundus: Begins in many grains in a minute; com- 

 plete in all in 16 minutes. 



Reaction with Chromic Acid. 

 G. byzanlinus: Begins in a minute; complete in 7 minutes. 

 O. primulinus: Begins in 2 minutes; complete in 5 



minutes. 

 G. eardinalis var. (Blushing Bride): Begins in 45 seconds; 



complete in 4 minutes. 

 G. floribundus: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 3J^ 



minutes. 



Reaction viith Pyrogallic Acid. 

 G. byzanlinus: Begins in many grains in a minute; com- 

 plete in nearly all in 30 minutes. 

 G. primulinxis: Begins slightly in a few in 2 minutes; 



some completely gelatinized in 35 minutes, others 



partially. 

 G. eardinalis var. (Blushing Bride): Begins in all the 



grains in a minute; complete in all in 22 minutes. 

 G. floribundus: Begins in a minute; complete in all in 



15 minutes. 



Reaction with Ferric Chloride. 



G. byzanlinus: Begins in a few grains in a minute; com- 

 plete in all in 45 minutes. 



G. primulinus: Begins in a few grains in a minute; com- 

 plete in all in 25 minutes. 



G. eardinalis var. (Blushing Bride): Begins in a few grains 

 in a minute; complete in all in 45 minutes. 



G. floribundus: Begins in a few grains in a minute; com- 

 plete in all in 23 minutes. 



Reaction with Purdy's Solution. 

 G. byzanlinus: Beguis in a few grains in a minute; no 



further change. 

 G. primulinus: No reaction. 

 G. eardinalis var. (Blushing Bride): Slight in many grains 



in a minute; all the grains are beginning to be 



gelatinized in 45 minutes. 

 G. florV)undus: Begins in a few grains in a minute; about 



half of the grains are partially gelatinized, and the 



rest beginning to be gelatinized, in 20 minutes. 



