GENUS NYMPH^A. 



843 



aPA c* 



PC PS 



The reaction with pyrogallic add begins in a minute. It is over in nearly all in 5 minutes and 

 in all in 10 minutes. It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of N. alba. 



Reaction with ferric chloride begins in a few grains in 2 minutes. It is over in half the grains in 

 20 minutes, in nearly all in 40 minutes, and in all in 50 minutes. It is the same qualitatively as that 

 of the grains of N. alba. 



The reaction with Purdy's solution begins in some grains in 2}^ minutes and about one-sixth 

 are partially gelatinized in 20 minutes. The reaction is the same qualitatively as in A'^. alba. 



STARCH OF NYMPH^A MARLIACEA VAR. CARNEA. (Plate 92, figs. 549 and 550. Chart 361.) 



Histological Characteristics. — In form the grains are simple, no compound grains observed. 

 There are a number of small aggregates, usually in the form of triplets or of doublets, the components 

 frequently being very unequal in size. Pressure facets are noted on some grains. The surface is 

 rather irregular, owing to the same causes as those noted for A'', alha. The conspicuous forms are 

 round, ovoid, and oval; also sugar-loaf, dome-shaped, and various irregular forms. The grains are 

 not flattened in any diameter; they are quite similar in form to A'^. alba, but somewhat more irregular. 



The hilum is a fairly distinct, round, refractive spot centric or nearly centric in the round forms, 

 and commonly eccentric one-fifth to one-third, usually about two-fifths, of the longitudinal axis in 

 most grains. There are sometimes 2 or 3 hila in one grain. The hilum is sometimes fissured, 

 there being usually one short, diagonal, or transverse fissure, or several short fissures so arranged as 

 to form a stellate figure, or three meeting at the hilum. 



The lamellae are rather coarse and form complete rings around the hilum. Frequently they are 

 indistinct throughout or either near the hilum or near the margin. There is generally one coarse, very 

 prominent lamella about half the distance between the 

 hilum and the margin. The lamellae are sometimes undu- 

 lating and somewhat flattened towards the distal end, and 

 those situated marginally tend to have the form of the 

 outline of the grain. The number was not determined. 



The grains vary in size; the smaller are 2 by 2/i; the 

 larger are 36 by 32/1 in length and breadth. The com- 

 mon size is 22ji. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is centric or gen- 

 erally more or less eccentric. Its lines are rather straight 

 and thick and tend to be broader at the margin in many 

 grains; they may be bent and occasionally are bisected. 



The degree of polarization is fair to high. There is 

 some variation in different grains, in different aspects of 

 the same grain, and in the same aspect of a grain. The de- 

 gree of polarization is the same as in the grains of N. alba. 



With selenite the quadrants are usually well defined, 

 irregular in shape, and unequal in size. The colors are 

 generally pure. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solu- 

 tion the grains all color a fair blue-violet; with 0.125 per cent solution they color very lightly and the 

 color does not deepen rapidly. The color is the same as that of the grains of N. alba. After heat- 

 ing in water until the grains are completely gelatinized, the solution colors lightly and the gelatinized 

 grains very deeply on the addition of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes, the solution colors very 

 deeply and the grain-residues fairly. The capsules all color a red-violet with an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet the grains begin to stain very lightly at once and in 30 

 minutes are lightly to fairly stained. The stain is more than that of the grains of A'', alba. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain very lightly at once and in 30 minutes are fairly stained. 

 The stain is more than that of the grains of iV. alba. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 06° to 07° C, mean 66.5°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-iodine the grains begin to react in a minute. 

 It is over in most grains in 13 minutes and in all in 25 minutes. It is the same qualitatively as that 

 of the grains of A'^. alba. 



The reaction vnth chromic acid begins in 10 seconds and is over in a minute. It is the same 

 qualitatively as that of the grains of N. alba. 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of Nympha 

 marliacea var. carnea. 



