GENUS NELUMBO. 



861 



The lamellw are fairly distinct and usually rather coarse concentric rings. There is frequently 

 a space around the hilum, in which the lamellae arc less plainly marked than the rest of the grain, 

 and often one or two lamellaj are more prominent at about half the distance between the hilum and 

 distal end. The lamellae are sometimes slightly wavy towards the distal end; near this point they 

 always tend to assume the shape of the grain and are probably incomplete. There are 13 to 24 on 

 the medium- and large-sized grains. 



The grains vary in size from 5 to 38;u. The common size is about 22/t. 



Polariscopic Properties.— The figure is centric in a few round grains, but eccentric in all others. 

 Its lines are rather thick and generally straight, but broader and less clear-cut at the margin; they 

 are sometimes slightly bent and rarely bisected. 



The degree of polarization is high to very high, vary- 

 ing somewhat in different grains, in different aspects of 

 the same grain, and occasionally in the same aspect of a 

 given grain. It is higher than that of N. nudfera. 



With selenite the quadrants are well defined, irregu- 

 lar in form, and unequal in size. The colors are fairly 

 pure. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solu- 

 tion the grains are fairly deeply colored a blue-violet; 

 with 0.125 per cent solution they color lightly at first, 

 and the color deepens rapidly. The reaction is less than 

 in N. nudfera. After heating in water until all the grains 

 are completely gelatinized, the grains are colored very 

 deeply, but the solution colors very slightly. After boil- 

 ing for 2 minutes the solution colors very deeply and the 

 grain-residues very lightly. The capsules all color a blue- 

 violet with excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet the grains 

 begin to color at once and in 30 minutes are fairly deeply stained, but not so much as N. nudfera. 



With safranin the grains begin to color at once and in 30 minutes they color fairly, but not so 

 much as N. nudfera. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 59.5° to 60.5° C, mean 60°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-iodine reaction begins in 15 seconds and is 

 over in 2]/^ minutes. It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of N. nudfera. 



The reaction with chrotnic add begins at once and is over in 15 seconds. It is the same quali- 

 tatively as that of the grains of N. nudfera. 



With pyrogallic add the grains begin to react in a few seconds and is over in 45 seconds. The 

 reaction is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of A'^. nudfera. 



Reaction with ferric chloride begins in many grains in 30 seconds and is over in 8 minutes. 

 It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of A^. nudfera. 



The reaction with Purdy's solviion begins at once and is over in 30 seconds. It is the same 

 qualitatively as that of the grains of A^. nudfera. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Nelumbo. 



MINUTES 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of .Nelumbo lutea. 



Histological Characteristics. 

 Conspicuous Forms. 



N. nudfera: Simple, few aggregates, few pressure facets, 

 surface quite regular, rounded ovoid, ovoid, and 

 oval. 



N. lutea: The same as in N. nudfera, except less regular. 



Hilum — Form, Number, and Position. 



N. nudfera: Form very distinct, very large, round refrac- 

 tive spot or cavity; usually fissured, deep, stellate 

 or 3-armed fissures, occasionally 2 hila. Position 

 usually eccentric about 0.40 to 0.25. 



N. lutea: P^orm the same as in JV. nudfera, except the 

 hilum is not so large, and the fissuration less. 

 Position usually eccentric about 0.40 to 0.33. 



Histological Characteristics. — Continued. 



LamellcB — General Characlerislics and Number. 



N. nudfera: Fairly distinct, rather coarse, usually regular, 



concentric rings. 24 on the larger grains. 

 N. lutea: Essentially the same as in N. nudfera. 24 on 

 the larger grains. 



Size. 

 N. nudfera: From 10 to 40^, commonly 32/i. 

 N. lutea: From 5 to 38/i, commonly 22/i. 



Polariscopic Properties. 



Figure. 



N. nudfera: Fairly distinct and fairly clear-out, regular, 



usually eccentric. 

 N. lutea: Essentially the same as in iV. niidfera. 



