852 



STAKCHES OF NYMPHiEACEiB. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches 



PoLARiscopic PE0PEBTIE8 — Continued. 



Degree 0/ Polarization. 



N. nuafera: High. 



N. lulea: High to very high, higher than in N. nucifera. 



Polarization tvilh Sdenite — Quadranls and Colors. 



N. nucifera: Quadrants well defined, irregular in shape, 

 and unequal in size. Ck)lor8 fairly pure. 



iV. lulea: Quadrants the same as in N. nucifera. Colors 

 fairly pure. 



Iodine Reactions. 



Intensity and Color. 



tf. nucifera: Fairly deep; blue to blue-violet. 

 N. lulea: Fairly deep, less than in N. nucifera; blue- 

 violet. 



Staining Reactions. 



With Gentian Violet. 



N. nucifera: Fairly deep. 



N. lulea: Fairly deep, less than in N. nucifera. 



With Safranin. 

 N. nucifera: Fair. 

 N. lulea: Fair, less than in N. nucifera. 



of the Gernis Nelumho. — Continued. 



Temperature of Gelatinization. 



JV. nucifera: 68 to 59.5° C, mean 58.75°, 

 N. lulea: 59.5 to 60.5° C, mean 60°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 



Reaction with Chloral Hydrate-Iodine. 



N. nucifera: Begins sUghtly in 30 seconds; all affected 



and about five-sixths gelatinized in 20 minutes. 

 N. lulea: Begins in 15 seconds; complete in 2J^ minutes. 



Reaction toith Chromic Add. 

 N. nucifera: Begins in 20 seconds; complete in 2 minutes. 

 N. lulea: Begins at once; complete in 30 seconds. 



Reaction with Pyrogallic Acid. 

 N. nucifera: Begins in 20 seconds; complete in 214 



minutes. 

 N. lulea: Begins in a few seconds; complete in 45 seconds. 



Reaction with Ferric Chloride. 

 N. nucifera: Begins in 30 to 60 seconds; complete in 15 



minutes. 

 JV. lutea: Begins in many in 30 seconds; complete in 8 



minutes. 



Reaction with Purdy'a Solution. 

 N. nucifera: Begins at once; complete in 30 seconds. 

 N. lulea: Begins at once; complete in 30 seconds. 



NOTES ON THE STARCHES OF NELUMBO. 



The Nelurnbo starches, in so far as their histological characters are concerned, differ noticeably 

 only in the degree of regularity of the outlines of the grains, in the size and fissuration of the hilum, 

 and in the size of the grains. In their reactions they are identical only in response to Purdy's solu- 

 tion. N. nucifera exhibits a higher degree of polarization, higher reactivity with iodine and the 

 anilines, a lower temperature of gelatinization, and less sensitivity to chloral hydrate-iodine, chro- 

 mic acid, pyrogallic acid, and ferric chloride. 



NOTES ON THE STARCHES OF NYMPH^EACEiE. (Charts 367 and 368.) 



The starches of Nymphoea and Nelurnbo exhibit similar histological characteristics, but the 

 variations in form, hila, fissuration, lamellae, and size are of value in distinguishing the members of 

 the two genera. In the reactions, it will be noted that with the exception of the degree of polariza- 

 tion the Nymphcea starches are less sensitive than those of Nelurnbo. The differences in the chloral 

 hydrate-iodine, ferric chloride, and Purdy's solution reactions are very conspicuous. 



I GV T P 

 S 



aartNo.367. 



I GV S T CI Ca PA FC P S Cj^PA CA 



Chart No. 368. 



P I GV t P 

 S 



20 

 25 

 30 



Compomtc Curve of Mean Reaction- 1 ntennttec of Starch 

 of Nympbica. 



Composite Curve of Mean Reaction- Intensities of Starch 

 of Nelurnbo. 



