18 INTRODUCTION OF DOMESTIC REINDEER INTO ALASKA. 



And to replace the deer sent from Bethel on the Kuskokwim 

 River to establish a herd at Copper Center, Dr. C. O. Lind will 

 transfer 330 head of deer from Unalakleet to Bethel. 



LIST OF REINDEER STATIONS THAT SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED 



DURING 1905. 



North of the Arctic Circle, Point Lay, Thetis Coal Mines, and 

 Corwin Lagoon. South of the Arctic Circle, Deering. On the Yukon 

 River, Tanana, Anvik, and Koserefski. On the Kuskokwim River, 

 Quinhagak and Ougavik. 



REINDEER MAIL ROUTES. 



During the past winter the United States mail was carried by 

 reindeer between Teller and Wales, a round trip of 140 miles, and 

 betw^een Teller and Igloo, also a round trip of about 140 miles. 



Fourteen round trips to Wales and ten round trips to Igloo, aggre- 

 gating 3,300 miles, were made during last winter on these two routes. 

 A winter mail was also carried by reindeer north of the Arctic Circle 

 between Kotzebue and Barrow, a round distance of 1,500 miles. 

 These three mail routes are all in northwest Alaska. Freighting 

 with the reindeer was done at several of the mission stations, for 

 miners and others, and a few of the miners purchased and used 

 reindeer for packing and sledding on their prospecting expeditions. 



Mr. William T. Lopp, formerly a Congregational missionary at 

 Wales, has been appointed superintendent of the reindeer herds 

 from Barrow south to Gambell, on wSt. Lawrence Island. 



FINN TEACHERS AND HERDERS. 



As the Finlanders are considered the most intelligent reindeer 

 breeders in the world, arrangements were consummated last spring 

 with Mr. J. H. Jasberg (himself a Finn), of Hancock, Mich., to select 

 and hire from the large Finn population in northern Michigan eight 

 men thoroughly acquainted with the management and care of rein- 

 deer. These men w^ere distributed as follows: Messrs. Saari, Jensen, 

 and Raisanen for Bettles; Messrs. Karbum, Lampela, and Wuori 

 for Copper Center, and Messrs. Albert Lahti and Sigfrid Sotka for 

 Gambell, St. Lawrence Island. 



CHAINS OF STATIONS. 



As early as 1896 it began to be evident that in the distribution 

 of the reindeer it was important that there should be chains of 

 herding stations, about 100 miles apart, with intermediate relay 

 stations along important lines of travel for reaching the native popu- 

 lation. Map No. 2 shows the progress that has already been made 



