72 WITH BOAT AND GUN IN THE YANGTZE VALLEY. 



SYiMPTOMS. — The usual indications of the presence of these pests are an unthrifty appearance 

 of the coat, uncertain but generally large appetite, intestinal irregularities, emaciation, 

 the dragging of the rear along the ground ; of their existence ocular demonstration. 



Causes. — Foul feeding and impure water are fertile causes. On the other hand, puppies 



are often born veritably full of parasitic pests. 

 Suggested Remedies. — For the roundworm, which is 5 or 6 inches in length, flat at each 

 end, and of a whitish-pinkish colour, there is no more active remedy than 5 grains of 

 santonin, followed in a couple of hours by a good dose of castor oil, or the castor oil 

 mixture. 



For the maw worm, which is merely a segment of a tapeworm, treat the same as 

 for roundworm. . 



There are, at least, 5 kinds of tapeworm to be met with in the dog, but that 

 usually encountered is tcenia solium, which often is of great length, 5 to 30 feet. 



For tapeworm, a teaspoonful of freshly ground areca nut, followed by a dose of 

 : oil, is almost a specific. 



Another powerful vermifuge is a teaspoonful of spirits of turpentine in three 

 times the quantity of salad oil. 



To rid a dog effectually of tapeworm the head of the parasite must of necessity 

 be brought away. 



There is no known cure for "worms in the heart." 



All worm medicines should be administered on any empty stomach. 



WORMS IN THE HEART {Filaria immitis) : The Cruel Thread-Worm. 



For many years the dreaded "worms in the heart" were supposed to be a disease 

 more or less peculiar to China, but it is now known that it is met with in many other 

 countries, including America, Italy, Scandinavia and France. 



Of the origin of this parasite there still exists some uncertainty. It is only found in 

 the heart of the dog, often in numbers which present the appearance of a bundle of vermi- 

 celli. The examination of the animal after death is the only possible means of knowing 

 whether the dog did or did not die of ^' -worms in the heart." 



It has been suggested that these worms are born in the blood, and it would therefore 

 appear that one way of checking their action would be by some medicine which would 

 affect the blood. No such agent has yet been for certainty discovered; but it may be 

 instanced as a curious coincidence, that neither the late Mr. John Wilson, who always 

 had a fairly large kennel, nor myself, have ever lost a dog from worms in the heart, and 

 this we have always thought due to the fact that we regularly dosed our animals for perhaps 

 a month every spring with Fowler's solution of arsenic— 5 to 10 drops daily in the food. It 

 would, indeed, be interesting if others would undertake the experiment with a view of 

 establishing as a fact what at present can only be a surmise. 



No one in the East has made a closer study of the nature and habits of the thread- 

 worm than Sir Patrick Manson, K.C.M.G., one time a resident practitioner in China and now 

 of European reputation at home. His report on the hcematozoa of Amoy, which appeared 



