342 XXIII. LEGUMINOSAE 



trap areas along the branch of the Satpuras forming the watershed between 

 the Nerbudda and the Tapti. Regarding these trap areas Mr. D. O. Witt 

 states : ^ ' On the extreme west we find the Anjan scattered and fairly plenti- 

 ful, but proceeding east it becomes less so, until we reach the railway at 

 Mandwa, where it practically vanishes, hardly a single tree being found 

 throughout the whole of the ridge east of the railway. Isolated Anjan are 

 found on Samardes, and it is fairly common at the western extremity of the 

 ridge separating Nimar from the Berar plain. It does not grow to any great 

 size in these areas. Proceeding to the areas north of the main central ridge, 

 we find the low and undulating hills of the Khandwa range fairly stocked with 

 Anjan, and to the extreme west of this range, and extending almost up to 

 the Nerbudda, we find a peculiar type of Anjan growth, viz. isolated blocks 

 of practically pure Anjan in the pole stage, growing closely and thickly together. 

 Old mature trees are few and far between, and where found are of small 

 dimensions, and have invariably at some time or other in their life been 

 pollarded. That the present pole growth is the natural regeneration of a pre- 

 viously existing Anjan forest goes without saying, but the manner of its forma- 

 tion is a subject of much speculation. . . . The average height of a mature 

 Anjan tree throughout these areas may be put at 40 ft. and its girth at 3 ft.' 

 Fig. 138 shows a sapling crop on trap in the Nimar district. In the Buldana 

 district of Berar Hardwickia binata predominates over the greater part of the 

 trap areas, Bosivellia serrata being its chief companion. The forest is of poor 

 quality, the trees having been much hacked and pollarded ; the maximum 

 height and girth of. the existing trees are 25 ft. and 2 ft. respectively on the 

 hill slopes, and 30 ft. and 3 ft. respectively on the better soil of the valleys. 



Examples of the other geological formations on which Hardivickia binata 

 is typically found, consisting for the most part of sandstone or metamorphic 

 rock, occur in numerous localities. The overlying soil, as already mentioned, 

 consists chiefly of a reddish gravelly sand or sandy loam, and although the 

 tree is often scattered among other species, as a rule it attains much larger 

 dimensions than it does on the stiffer soil of the trap areas. In the Kurnool 

 district of Madras it occurs in greater or less abundance on the quartzites, 

 sandstones, and shales of the Yerramalai hills, chiefly on reddish gravelly sand 

 or on sandy loam, either in gregarious patches of varying extent or mixed 

 with Soytnida febrifuga, Terminalia tomentosa, Anogeissus lafifoUa, Albizzia 

 amara, and teak. In some of the forests of the Cumbum range of Kurnool old 

 trees may be found scattered amongst a thick growth of bamboos. Mr. E. M. 

 Crothers - states that the only species with which it forms a good mixed crop 

 is Anogeissus latifolia. 



In the Bellary district it is found on rocky quartz soils, and in the forests 

 of the Harpanahalli range it is probably the most numerously represented 

 species, occurring chiefly on the more level ground at the bases of the several 

 hill ranges ; it is most abundant on the southern slopes of the Sogi reserve 

 and at the base of the Hyarada hills, where it forms nearly pure forests.'^ 



1 The Sylviculture of Hardwickia binata, Ind. For. Records, vol. ii, pt. iii, pp. 78. 79. 

 - Ind. Forester, xxxi (1905), p. 380. 



' Working Plan for the Forests of the Harpanahalli Range, Bellary District, Madras, 

 H. Tireman, 1911. 



