HARDWICKIA 359 



a length of 1 ft. being left uncovered at the end of each trench to admit light 

 and air. 



Various methods of experimental sowing on trap formation in the dry 

 climate of Nasik (rainfall about 24 in.) have been described by Mr. L. 8. 

 Osmaston.^ Dibbling the pods proved a failure. Broadcast and line sowings 

 without preparation of the ground, as w^ell as sowing in pits, were only 

 moderately successful. Mound sowings gave more success, especially in the 

 case of fairly large mounds 2^ ft. high, and 2 ft. and 7 ft. in diameter at the 

 top and base respectively, while broadcast sowings on ploughed ground were 

 decidedly successful, particularly where the ploughing was followed by harrow- 

 ing to remove the tufts of grass. The greatest success, however, was attained 

 by means of line sowings in combination with the raising of agricultural crops, 

 a method which has generally been found to be the most successful in raising 

 forest plantations in dry regions. These sowings are described in the Indian 

 Forester, vol. xxxiii (1907), p. 266. The field crops employed were sesamum, 

 cotton, and the lesser hemp, the sowing being preferably carried out by lessees 

 under a two years' lease. Two separate methods were tried as follows : 

 (1) In, the first year the lessee cultivated field crops only, while in the second 

 the tree seeds as well as field crops were sown, the area being weeded 

 twice in the first rains. One line of tree seeds was sown to three lines of field 

 crops, and the lines being about 1 ft. apart the distance between the lines of 

 tree seeds was about 4 ft. (2) The tree seed was sown in the first year of the 

 lease, four adjacent lines of tree seeds (forming a strip 3 ft. wide) alternating 

 with strips of field crops 8 ft. wide ; in the second year the lessee cultivated 

 field crops between the strips of tree seedlings and weeded and sowed up 

 blanks in the latter. In departmental sowings of this kind the cost of formation 

 for the first three years amounted to Rs. 28-11-0 per acre and the receipts 

 from the produce of the field crops Rs. 32 per acre, showing a profit of Rs. 3-5-0 

 per acre. 



Similar sowings with field crops in Berar, which have also proved success- 

 ful, have been described by Mr. C. G. Rogers.- The field crops employed were 

 sesamum, cotton, and arliar ; the Harchvickia seedlings reached a height of 

 1| to 2 ft. in two years and four months. 



SiLVicuLTURAL TREATMENT. At present Havdwickia binata is treated 

 under a variety of methods of working. In various localities the system 

 employed is coppice-with-standards, in which Hardivickia constitutes the 

 standards and miscellaneous species the coppice. In the Dhulia and Pimpalner 

 ranges of West Khandesh the treatment prescribed is improvement fellings 

 with artificial reproduction of Hardivickia by broadcast and by agri-silvicultural 

 sowings.^ Similar treatment is prescribed for the Yerramalais, West Kurnool, 

 regeneration being effected by means of trench and mound sowings already 

 described. In Buldana a somewhat similar method of working is in operation 

 experimentally.^ The treatment consists of the removal, mider a felling cycle 



1 Ind. Forester, xxxiii (1907), p. 177. - Ibid., xxxvii (1911), p. 8. 



3 Working Plan for the Anjan and Scrub Jungles of Dhulia and Pimpalner Ranges, West 

 Khandesh, J. Hamilton, 1914. 



Working Plan for the Buldana Forest Division, Berar Circle, Central Provinces, S. Srinivasulu 



Naidu, 191.3. 



