HARDWICKIA 361 



45, 50, and 55 years respectively. The last corresponds to about 8 rings per 

 inch of radius. 



As regards coppice growth, Mr. L. S. Osmaston records the following 

 measurements made in coppice coupes of different ages on trap formation in 

 West Khandesh (rainfall about 20 in.) : 



Hardwkkia biriata : number of shoots per stool and growth of coppice. 



The average number of shoots per live stump in all the coupes is 2-9. 



2. Hardwickia pinnata, Roxb. Vern. Madeyan sampirani, koda palei, 

 Tarn. ; Shurali, kiyavu, Mai. ; Chon paini, Coorg. 



A large handsome evergreen tree attaining a height of 100 ft. and a girth 

 of 14 ft., with dark green shining foliage. Leaves with four to seven leaflets 

 2-4 in. long. Bark dark brown and green, rather rough. Wood moderately 

 hard, dark red or reddish brown, ornamental, used for building and furniture. 



Distribution and habitat. The tree occurs in the Western Ghats from 

 South Canara to Travancore. It is abundant in the forests of Travancore up 

 to 3,000 ft. In Coorg it is common in the evergreen forests : enumerations 

 by Mr. N. E. Shrigley in 1914-15 gave an average per 100 acres of 58 trees 

 above 7 ft. 6 in. in girth, and 22 trees 6 ft. 9 in. to 7 ft. 6 in. in girth. In 

 the Coorg evergreen forests its chief companions are Hopea spp., Dipterocarpus 

 indicus, Vateria indica, Dysoxylum malaharicmn, Artocarpus hirsuta, A. infegri- 

 folia, Calophyllum spp., Dichopsis elliptica, and Mesua ferrea. 



Flowering and fruiting. The small white flowers, in dense panicled 

 racemes, appear in February, and the pods ripen in May-June. The pod 

 (Fig. 142, a) is 1-2-2 in. long by 0-8-1 -2 in. broad, turgid, woody, compressed, 

 with a single seed in the apical part, indehiscent until germination, when it 

 dehisces slightly at the apex. 



Germination (Fig. 142, h-d). Hypogeous. The pod dehisces slightly at 

 the apex, enabling the radicle and plumule to emerge ; these elongate rapidly, 

 while the cotyledons remain within the pod. 



The seedling (Fig. 142). 



Roots : primary root long, moderately thick, terete, tapering, flexuose : 

 lateral roots few to moderate in number, short, fibrous, distributed down 

 main root. Hypocotyl scarcely distinguishable. Cotyledons 0-8-1 -2 in. by 

 0-4-0-7 in., fleshy, remaining within pod. Stem erect, glabrous or young 



