504 XXVI. RHIZOPHORACEAE 



3. Briiguiera caryophylloides, Bl., including B. tnalabarica, Arn. 



This is the smallest and probably the rarest species of the genus. The 

 bark is thin, brown, the foliage light green, the leaves thinly coriaceous, and 

 the flowers small, white, in 2- to 3-flowered cymes. The fruit is yellow, about 

 0-5 in. long, and the hypocotyl reaches a length of about 6-8 in. before falling. 

 Flowering and fruiting take place in the rainy season. 



4. Bruguiera parviflora, W. and A. 



A small tree, widely distributed in the mangrove formations of the Eastern 

 Hemisphere, and often very common, sometimes forming pure crops in the 

 middle of the mangrove swamp. In some localities it attains a fair height, 

 but it is always of small girth : in the Indian region it is a small tree or a mere 

 shrub. The foliage is yellowish green, paler than in the previous species. 

 The fruit is about 1 in. long, enclosed in the enlarged calyx : the flowers and 

 fruits appear in the rainy season. The hypocotyl is furrowed, truncate, 

 and reaches a length of only 4-5 in. before falling. The tree grows on drier 

 ground than RhizopJiora, chiefly away from the banks of streams, and often 

 reproduces in great profusion. 



5. CARALLIA, Roxb. 



Carallia lucida, Roxb. Syn. C. integerrima, DC. Vern. Sliengali, panasi. 

 Mar. ; Andi, andamuria, Kan. ; Karalli, Tel. ; Thekera-7ndM, Ass. ; Maniaivga, 

 Burm. 



A moderate-sized to large handsome evergreen tree with a dense crown 

 of shining opposite leathery elliptical leaves, and pronounced opposite branch- 

 ing. Bark moderately thick, the outer dead bark corky, furrowed, dark grey 

 outside, pink when cut, the inner living cortex pale greenish yellow or pinkish 

 when newly cut, turning orange brown on exposure. There are numerous 

 small corky excrescences on comparatively small-sized twigs of the previous 

 year's growth ; the new twigs are green. The numerous broad meduUary rays 

 are conspicuous as vertical streaks on the outer surface of the sapwood and 

 on the inner surface of the cortex when the latter is stripped off. Sometimes 

 the tree produces aerial roots, showing its relationship to the mangroves. 

 The tree is at times mistaken for a Garcinia, and vice versa, but the pink 

 corky bark is a distinctive feature, while the cut cortex of Garcinia spp. exudes 

 a yellow gum-resin which is not present in that of Carallia. In Burma the 

 tree reaches a height of 50-80 ft., with a girth of 6 or 7 ft. In the Indian 

 Peninsula it is smaller. 



The wood is hard and very ornamental if cut radialty, the large medullary 

 rays giving it the appearance of good oak ; the heartwood is red to chestnut- 

 brown. The wood is suitable for panelling, furniture, picture -frames, and 

 similar purposes. 



Distribution and habitat. The tree is found in limited quantity in 

 damp evergreen and swamp forests in the sub-Himalaj^an tract as far west as 

 Dehra Dun ; it is very scarce in the west but commoner in the east. It occurs 

 in Bengal, ascending to 4,000 ft. in Sikkim, Assam, Chittagong, Chota Nagpur 

 along streams and ravines in Singhbhum (Haines), Orissa and the Circars, 

 the Central Provinces in South Clianda along Howhig .streams in Ahiri and 



