TERMINALIA 



509 



straggling habit of some Terminalia species, but grow erect, producing strong 

 dde branches from the second year. A long stout taproot is formed, and 

 develops considerably in the second year ; plants only one year old, that is 

 n the second season, have been dug up and found to have thick taproots as 

 much as 3-|- ft. long. 



The seedlings stand fairly dense shade during the first year or two, but 

 very heavy shade suppresses and kills them afterwards. Frost often affects 

 the leaves, but ordinary frosts do not kill back the seedlings, particularly in 

 grass. Hail tears the large leaves to pieces, as was observed in a severe hail- 

 storm at Dehra Dun in February 1913. In northern India the season's growth 

 stops in November-December, and new growth starts in March. The leaves 

 turn yellow about November-December, and commence falling in December- 

 January ; by March they have usually all fallen. 



The following measurements in experimental plots at Dehra Dun give 

 some indication of the rate of growth of young plants under different con- 

 ditions, and exhibit the marked effect of weeding : 



Terminalia belerica : rate of growth of young plants, Dehra Dun. 

 .ditioii under which grown. 



:sery, weeded and watered 

 plants of 1st rains, not weeded 

 red subsequent to transplanting 

 scattered on ground as under 

 conditions ; subsequently 

 . Sunny locality 



scattered on ground as under 

 conditions ; not subsequently 



. Sunny locality 

 scattered on ground as under 

 conditions ; not subsequently 



. Siuuiy locality 

 scattered on ground as under 

 conditions ; not subsequently 



. Moderate side shade 

 scattered on ground as under 

 conditions ; not subsequently 



. Heavy shade 



1st season. 

 Oft. 6 in. -Oft. Sin. 

 Maximum ft. 6 in. 



Maximum ft. 5 in. 



Oft. 4 in. -Oft. 7 in. 



(heavy grass and 



weeds) 

 Maximum ft. 5 in. 



Height at end of season. 



2nd season. 3rd season. 4th season. 5th season. 



Maximum 1 ft. 2 in. - 



1 ft. 6 in. 2 ft. in. 



2 ft. 6 in.- 4 ft. 5 in. 



3 ft. 2 in. 10 ft. 



ft. 7 in.- 

 ft. 9 in. 



2 ft. 6 in.- 



3 ft. 7 in. 

 Maximum 



12 ft. 9 in. 



(girth 



Oft. 7 in.) 



Maximum Maximum Maximum 

 1ft. 3 in. 2ft. 7 in. 5 ft. 10 in. 



Maximum ft. 8 in. Maximum 

 (heavy growth of Oft. 11 in. 

 weeds) 



Maximum ft. 6 in. ft. 3 in.- 

 ft. 10 in. 



4ft. 11 in. 

 5ft. 8 in. 



SiLVicuLTURAL, CHARACTERS. The tree is a light-demander, though it can 

 stand slight shade in youth. It is decidedly sensitive to frost, all records of 

 severe frosts agreeing in this respect ; the leaves are usually found to be 

 touched by frost more readily than those of almost any of its associates. As 

 regards drought it is somewhat more hardy, though it does not occur in very 

 dry localities. In the abnormal drought of 1907 and 1908 in the sal forests 

 of Oudh it proved to be fairly hardy, while it was not affected in the severe 

 drought of 1899 and 1900 in the Indian Peninsula. 



It coppices fairly well. Measurements made by Mr. C. M. McCrie at 

 Ramgarh in the Goraklipur district, United Provinces, showed an average 

 varying from 1 to 2-5 shoots per stool in coppice coupes of different ages up 

 to fifteen years old. Measurements made by me in 1911 in the Tikri forest, 

 Gonda, United Provinces, gave for coppice one year old an average height 

 of 5 ft., and an average of two shoots per stool, as against 4-7 ft. and 2-2 shoots 



