516 XXVII. COMBRETACEAE 



Benc^al Duars it mixes with T. inyriocarpa, but farther east the latter replaces 

 it largely if not entirely. 



Chota Nagpur. In Chota Nagpur the tree is common, particularly in 

 valleys and moist localities. On village lands it is very common, and is 

 extensively pollarded for the cultivation of the tasar silkworm. It is a common 

 constituent of the sal forests, while in some valleys it occurs along with Bombax 

 malaharicum and other species without sal, probably owing to insufficient 

 drainage. 



Central Provinces and Berar. Terminalia tomentosa is common in deciduous 

 forests throughout the greater part of the Central Provinces and Berar ; it 

 is a common companion of the sal as well as of the teak. It is plentiful on 

 black cotton soil, which many species avoid, but here it is usually small. 

 It reaches its best development on moist fertile alluvium, near rivers, where it 

 sometimes tends to be gregarious. 



In the usual mixed deciduous type, in which teak may or may not be 

 present, its chief companions are Pterocarpus Marsupium, Terminalia helerica, 

 T. Chehula, T. Arjuna (along streams), Anogeissus latifolia, Ougeinia dal- 

 bergioides, Bassia latifolia, Lagerstroemia parvi flora, Diospyros Melanoxylon, 

 Buclmnania latifolia, Soymida febrifuga, Adina cor di folia, Dalbergia 

 latifolia, Cleisanthus Collinus, Chloroxylon Sivietenia, Butea frondosa, as 

 well as many other species of less importance. Sometimes a special type is 

 found in moist valleys on flat ground where the soil is fair to good and 

 often clayey, the chief associates being Cleistanthus Collinus, Bassia latifolia, 

 Anogeissus latifolia, Ougeinia dalbergioides, Biiclmnania latifolia, and a few 

 other species. 



Bombay. Terminalia tomentosa is plentiful in most of the forest tracts 

 of the Bombay Presidency, being perhaps nowhere more abundant than in 

 Kanara and in the Dangs forests of Surat ; in parts of the latter forests there 

 are sometimes as many as 30 mature trees per acre, while in the Mungod 

 high forest of the I^ast Kanara division it forms 23 per cent, of the crop. 

 In Kanara it grows better on granite and schist than on laterite. In the 

 Deccan it prefers black cotton soil to the shallow soils of the quartzite hiUs 

 so frequent in that region. It occurs in nearly all types of mixed deciduous 

 forest, ascending to between 3,500 and 4,000 ft. on the Nasik ghats and the 

 Khandesh Akrani, but is absent from the laterite of the Mahableshwar plateau. 

 It thrives best in the moister localities, particularly in valleys on alluvial 

 ground, becoming gregarious on clayey soil. At the higher elevations, in 

 exposed situations and on poor soil, it becomes stunted. In the Kanara 

 forests, where the number of species is considerable, its most important com- 

 panions are teak, Dalbergia latifolia, Lagerstroe^nia lanceolata, L. parviflora, 

 Xylia xylocarpa, Pterocarpus Marsupium, Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia pani- 

 culata, and Adina cordifolia. It shows a marked tendency to occupy the more 

 level ground where the soil is deep and moist. In the mixed forests of some- 

 what drier localities it is found with teak, Anogeissus latifolia, Lagerstroemia 

 parviflora, Bassia latifolia, Ougeinia dalbergioides, BucJianania latifolia, Dios- 

 pyros Melanoxylon, Dalbergia latifolia. Cassia Fistula, PhyUanfhus Emblica, 

 and many other species. 



Southern India. Although not so common as in Bombay, the tree is fairly 



