TERMINALIA 537 



8. Termiiialia bialata, Steuclel. White chugiam (Andamans). Vern. Lein, 

 Burm. ; Chugalam, And. 



A large deciduous tree of Burma and the Andamans, reaching a height 

 of 100 ft. In Burma it occurs in the upper mixed deciduous forests along 

 with teak and its associates, and probably also in the lower mixed forests. 

 In the Andamans it is one of the chief species in the semi-deciduous forests 

 associated with Pterocarpus dalbergioides (padauk), Lagerstroemia hypoleuca, 

 Bomhax insigne, StercuUa spp., Albizzia Lebbek, and others. It also occurs 

 sometimes in the evergreen dipterocarp forest. It flowers in the rainy season 

 (Brandis) and the fruits ripen in the cold season (Kurz) ; ripe fruits have been 

 received from Burma in February. Mr. C. G. Rogers ^ says that numbers of 

 germinating seeds were seen in the Andaman forests in the month of May, 

 and that the large proportion of this species, including saplings and poles, in 

 the standing crop points to its being better able to reproduce itself naturally 

 than the other trees associated with padauk. The wood of this tree is strong, 

 elastic, straight grained, and of good quality, and it is likely to become an 

 important timber when better known. 



Another tree known in Burma as lein is common on the plains of Pegu, 

 where it is of comparatively small size with a bushy form of growth. This 

 is probably T. pyrifolia, Kurz, which, according to Brandis, merits careful 

 study in the forest, as to whether it is really a distinct species ; its size and 

 mode of growth are certainly different from that of the larger and cleaner- 

 stemmed T. bialata. 



9. Termiiialia Oliveri, Brandis. Vern. TJmii, Burm. 



A moderate-sized deciduous tree with smooth greenish grey bark and 

 a somewhat irregularly shaped and often channelled stem. It attains a height 

 of 40-50 ft. and a girth of 4-5 ft., but on poor ground it is stunted. The 

 leaves are only 1-5-3 in. long, and turn red before falling in the hot season. 

 The fruit is five-winged like that of T. tomentosa, but much smaller. The 

 wood is a good fuel and the bark is illicitly used to adulterate cutch. This 

 tree is very common in the dry zone of Upper Burma in tracts where the 

 rainfall varies from 22 to 40 in. and the soil is often poor and shallow. It 

 extends from the Magwe and Yamethin districts in the south to about 23| 

 N. lat. in the Ruby Mines district in the north. It is one of the most charac- 

 teristic trees of the dry open forests associated with Acacia Catechu, A. leuco- 

 %)hloea, Tectona Hamiltoniana, Diospyros burmanica, TenniTialia tomentosa, 

 Pentacme sicavis, and other species. Towards its northern limit in the Ruby 

 IVIines district it occurs in dry open forest on poor shallow soil, its chief 

 associates being Diospyros burmanica, Vitex pubescens, Pterocarpus macro- 

 carpus, Anogeissus acuminata, Xylia dolabriformis, Terminxilia tomentosa. Acacia 

 Catechu, and others, with bamboos, chiefly Dendrocalamus strictus : the trees 

 are of small size. Towards its southern limit in the Magwe and Yamethin 

 districts it occurs in dry forest of a similar type, which may be regarded as 

 a transition between the scrub forests of the dry zone and the upper mixed 

 deciduous forests occurring outside that zone. 



1 Report on the Exploration of the Forests of the South Andaman and other Islands, 1906, 

 para. 23. 



