616 XXXIII. RUBIACEAE 



other. Direct sowings cannot be relied on. Young plants can be raised 

 successfully by broadcasting on well-pulverized fine earth either in well-raised 

 nursery-beds or in boxes ; it is necessary that the beds or boxes should be 

 sheltered from the sun and rain, watering being carried out with a very fine 

 spray frequently but sparingly. Sowing may be done from March to May, 

 and the plants should be pricked out in beds during the first season, when 

 about 2 in. high. The larger plants may be transplanted during the first 

 rainy season, but the remainder should be kept for a year in the beds and 

 transplanted early in the following rainy season. 



Rate of growth. During its earlier years the growth is very rapid. 

 Trees planted in 1911 in an avenue at Rajabhatkhawa in the Buxa Duars 

 reached a girth of over 2 ft. and a height of 30 ft. in four years. Mr. S. E. Peal ^ 

 says that the growth is remarkably rapid for the first six or eight years, 

 averaging 10 ft. in height per annum ; the growth becomes slower up to 

 twenty years and then becomes very slow. He records measurements of trees 

 sixteen years old which had reached a girth of 5 ft. 5 in. at 6 ft. and 3 ft. 8 in. 

 at 30 ft. from ground-level ; for tea-box planking he considers it most profitable 

 to fell at twelve years of age. Sir George Hart notes a case of rapid growth on 

 a low-lying alluvial flat along the Saing river in Toungoo, Burma. Here an 

 attempt was made to establish a teak plantation in 1895. The teak failed, 

 but Anthocephalus Cadamba came in naturally. In January 1918, when they 

 could not have been more than twenty-two years old, some of the trees were 

 measured and found to have girths of 7 ft. 6 in., 6 ft. 5 in., 5 ft. 7 in. (twice), 

 and 5 ft. 6| in. ; the height was estimated to be not less than 100 ft., and was 

 probably more nearly 120 ft. 



2. ADINA, Sahsb. 



Adiua cordifolia, Hook. f. Syn. Nauclea cordifolia, Willd. Vern. Haldu, 

 Hind. ; Heddi, Mar. ; Yettagal, Kan. ; Manja kadamhu, Tam. and Mai. ; 

 Hnaw, Burm. 



A large deciduous tree with a large crown and cordate leaves. Under 

 forest conditions the tree produces a long straight clean bole, bvit it is often 

 buttressed and fluted at the base, the buttresses sometimes being of irregular 

 and fantastic shapes. In more isolated positions it jjroduces a thick bole and 

 massive branches with a large spreading crown (see Fig, 236). Bark grey, 

 exfoliating in patches which leave indentations, pinkish inside. Wood yellow, 

 moderately hard, even grained, used for building, furniture, turnery, bobbins, 

 boxes, &c. The tree attains large dimensions. Mr. A. Rodger records one 

 17 ft. in girth in the Paungadaw reserve. Ruby Mines district, Upper Burma. 

 Mr. H. R. Blanford in 1917 took measurements of a i^ic?/-s-bound tree feUed 

 in the Katha district, Upper Burma. The tree was hollow, and the breast- 

 height girth over the Ficus was 24 ft. 5 in. Other dimensions recorded were : 

 (1) total height 138 ft. ; (2) length of bole 61 ft. ; (3) height to first branch 48 ft. ; 

 (4) girth at height of 32 ft. from ground 14 ft. 2 in., and at height of 56 ft. 

 from ground 13 ft. 2 in. 



Distribution and habitat. Adina cordifolia is found scattered in 

 deciduous forests throughout the greater part of India and Burma ; also in 



* Ind. Forester, x (1884), p. 24,') (quoting from Ind. Tea Gazette.). 



