SALVADORA 663 



greenish white flowers appear in March- April and the fruits ripen about June : 

 the fruit is a yellow berry 0-2 in. in diameter. The seeds are spread by birds, 

 and seedlings may be found under bushes of Capparis aphylla or sometimes 

 epiphytically on Tamarix and other trees. The tree suffers little from grazing 

 except where it is very heavy ; it is often lopped for camel and goat fodder. 

 It suffers considerably from frost. 



2. Salvadora persica, Linn. Syn. 8. indica, Wight ; *S^. Wightiana, Planch. 

 Tooth-brush tree, mustard tree (of Scripture). Vern. Kabbar, pilu, Sind ; Jdl, 

 jhdl, Rajputana ; Khakhin, Mar. ; Ghunia, Tel. ; Opa, Tam. 



A small evergreen tree with drooping branches, sometimes attaining 30 

 to 40 ft. in height, with a short, often fluted stem. The leaves and fruits are 

 pungent. Wood soft, white, little used. A tree of the dry and arid regions 

 of India, with a wider distribution than the last : Baluchistan, Sind, trans- 

 Indus, Punjab, Rajputana, Ganges valley round Delhi and Agra, the Circars, 

 Guzerat, the Konkan, North Kanara, and the Deccan. It is often found on 

 saline soil, and in the Peninsula on black cotton soil. In North Kanara it 

 grows on the sea-coast above high-water mark in thickets with Clerodendron 

 inerme, Zizyphus Oenoplia, Z. Jujuba, and other species (Talbot). In the 

 Thana district it is found along tidal creeks with Aegiceras and Avicennia 

 (Ryan). It grows readily from seed and coppices well (Brandis). In the 

 Punjab the seed ripens in June. For planting purposes seedlings ought usually 

 to be kept in the nursery for three years. Coppice-shoots in the Abdulla 

 Kheli forest, Baluchistan, measured in 1912-13, reached a height of 16 ft. in 

 five years. 



ORDER XL. APOCYNACEAE 



This large order contains one or two trees and shrubs of interest in Indian 

 forestry, as well as a large number of climbers, some noxious, some ornamental. 

 Most of the species have milky juice, and some are producers of caoutchouc. 

 Attention was drawn some years ago to the possibilities as a rubber-producing 

 plant of the Burmese cKmber Urceola esculenta, Benth. (syn. Chavannesia 

 esculenta, DC), but experiments have shown that the quantity of rubber 

 yielded does not pay for the labour of obtaining it. Chonemorplia macrophylla, 

 G. Don, a widely distributed cKmber of the moist forests of India, yields 

 a form of caoutchouc, but is not exploited. Parameria glandulifera, Benth. 

 (vern. Talaingsok, Burm.), a large cUmber of the coasts of Tenasserim and the 

 Andamans, is said to yield caoutchouc of good quality. Of non-Indian rubber- 

 producing plants the best known are species of Landolphia and Kickxia and 

 Funtumia eJastica, Stapf. 



Among familiar cUmbers of the forest and waste lands may be mentioned 

 Vallaris Heynei, Spreng., and Ichnocarpus frutescens, R. Br. A strikingly 

 handsome climber, which is frequently grown in gardens, and produces masses 

 of large bell-shaped flowers, is Beaumontia grandiflora, Wall., a native of the 

 eastern Himalaya, Sylhet, and Chittagong. It grows rapidly and is easily 

 propagated from seed, cuttings, or layers. 



Genera 1. Holarrhena, R. Br.; 2. Alstonia, R. Br.; 3. Wrightia, 

 R. Br. ; 4, Carissa, Linn. 



