682 XLIII. BORAGINACEAE 



Natural keproduction. Under natural conditions the seed begins to 

 germinate as a rule in August, and continues germinating throughout the 

 rainy season. A certain proportion remains dormant for a year, germinating 

 in the second rainy season. Seed which has become buried germinates much 

 more readily than that which is lying on the surface of the ground ; the latter 

 "^ usually fails to germinate at all. In dry soil exposed to the sun the seedlings 

 tend to die of drought in the dry season, and a certain amount of shade is 

 necessary for their estabHshment. 



Artificial reproduction. The seed should be sown in the nursery in 

 June or July, covered with soil and watered. The seedhngs ordinarily begin 

 to appear above ground in about two weeks, and may be transplanted during 

 the first rainy season when about 3 to 4 in. high, though it is preferable to 

 keep them in the nursery until the second rains, sheltering them from frost 

 during the winter. They should be regularly weeded, the soil being kept loose ; 

 watering should be done sparingly or not at all, but in dry hot weather shading 

 is beneficial. When transplanting is done early in the second rainy season 

 the size of the plants may necessitate the trimming down of the roots to some 

 extent ; in this case either the branches should be pruned off or the whole 

 plant should be prvnied down to within about 2 in. from ground-level. 



3. Cordia Rothii, Roem. and Sch. Vern. Liar, Sind ; Gondi, gundi. 

 Hind. 



A small tree of the dry parts of north-west, central, and southern India, 

 chiefly in Rajputana, Sind, and the Deccan. The wood is hard, brown, hand- 

 somely streaked, and suitable for ornamental work. Growth, according to 

 Gamble, 10 rings per inch of radius, giving a mean annual girth increment 

 of 0-63 in. 



4. Cordia Macleodii, Hook. f. and Thorns. Vern. Dhaiman, dhagan, Hind. ; 

 Dhaiwan, Mar. ; Hadang, Kan. ; Godela, Ajmer. 



A moderate-sized tree of the Indian Peninsula, Rajputana, Central India, 

 Chota Nagpur, and Orissa, in dry deciduous forests. This tree also has 

 a handsome wood suitable for cabinet Avork, 



2. EHRETIA, Linn. 



Species 1. E. laevis, Roxb. ; 2. E. acuminata, R.Br. 



1. Ehretia laevis, Roxb. Syn. E. floribunda, Benth. ; E. aspera, Roxb. 

 Vern. Chamror, koda, Hind. ; Datrang, Mar. ; Adak, Kan. ; Pogadi, Tel. ; 

 Addula, Tarn. ; Gyaungbyu, Burm. 



A moderate-sized deciduous tree with an irregularly-shaped stem and 

 smooth light grey to whitish bark, yeUow and soft inside. Wood tough, used 

 for agricultural implements, but as a rule little used except for fuel. 



This tree is common throughout the greater part of India in deciduous 

 forests, extending into dry regions such as Sind, the trans-Indus hills, and 

 Rajputana. It is very common in sal forests. It occurs also in Burma. 



The tree is leafless during part of February-March. The masses of small 

 white flowers appear from February to April, and the bunches of orange-red 

 berries, sometimes covering the tree, appear from March to June. Both in 

 flower and in fruit the trees are a conspicuous sight. 



The tree stands moderate shade. It is somewhat frost-tender, but in the 



