742 XLVI. VERBENACEAE 



the success in any year, however, depends largely- on the ramfall. It was found 

 better to entrust the work to lessees than to carry it out departmentally. Two 

 different methods were tried, in both of wliich a two-years lease was given ; 

 the field crops employed were sesamum, cotton, and lesser hemp. Uuder the 

 first method the lessee cultivated field crops during the first year, and sowed 

 tree seeds along with the crops during the second year, carrying out two weed- 

 ino^s during the rainy season ; one line of tree seeds was sown alternately' with 

 three lines of field crops, and, the lines being about 1 ft. apart, the lines of tree 

 species were about 4 ft. apart. Under the second method the tree seeds were 

 sown in the first year of the lease in broad strips of four lines each 1 ft. apart, 

 alternating wdth strips of field crops 8 ft. broad ; the lessee cultivated field, 

 crops between the strips of tree seedlings for a second year and also weeded 

 and sowed up blanks in the latter. 



The first method had been tried only for a short time, but the results of 

 the second method were promising, teak plants having attained a maximum 

 girth and height of 6| in. and 15 ft. respectively in S^ years. In departmental 

 sowings carried out on this principle the cost of formation during the first 

 3h years, including collection of seed and weeding but not cost of supervision, 

 amounted to Rs. 28-11-0 per acre, while the receipts from the produce of 

 the field crops amounted to Rs. 32 per acre, leaving a profit of Rs. 3-5-0 

 per acre. 



Broadcast sowing. Variable results have been attained with broadcast 

 sowing. Where heavy weed-growth is not to be feared this method has been 

 found to be decidedly successful as well as cheap, but where much weeding 

 has to be carried out spacing in regular lines has usually been found preferable. 

 Broadcast sowing, again, is suitable only for more or less level or gentlj^ sloping 

 ground ; on steep slopes broadcasted seed is liable to be washed away. In 

 the Magwe district of Upper Burma, where the climate is dry, and heavy 

 weed-growth is not so prevalent as in the moister districts, remarkable success 

 has been attained by broadcast sowings of teak in taungyas. Here field crops 

 are cultivated for two years, and this no doubt helps to eradicate weeds : 

 the broadcasting of teak seed in the second year has resulted in well-stocked 

 crops of teak. Mr. F. A. Leete ^ has advocated the more general adoption of 

 broadcast so'^dng in Burma, and mentions that he has tried it in Pyinmana 

 with great success ; in 1910 he formed plantations half in regularly spaced 

 lines at Rs. 10 per acre and half broadcast at Rs. 2 per acre, and in January 

 1912 he found equally good results in both. He notes that on steep slopes 

 dibbling in lines is preferable, since broadcasted seeds are liable to be 

 washed away. Subsequent reports from Pyinmana, however, indicate 

 tliat these broadcast sowings gave some trouble in weeding, and in 1916 

 they were not so uniformly stocked as in the case of sowings in regularly- 

 spaced lines. 



In June 1908 broadcast soA\ing of teak along with paddy was carried out 

 in unprotected forest near Hmyachaung in the Tharrawaddy district ; the 

 area was burnt in 1909, and at the end of May 1909 two sample plots showed 

 1,360 and 1.760 seedlings per acre. Very little weeding Mas found necessary, 

 and the cost amounted to about Rs. 2 an acre. This method imitates nature 



^ lud. Forester, xxxviii (1912), p. 374. , 



