778 XLVI. VERBENACEAE 



4. PREMNA, Linn. 



This genus contains over 30 Indian species of trees, shrubs, and cKmbers, 

 of which none is of any great importance and many are rare. Silviculturally 

 the trees have not been studied in detail ; they may yet become important 

 as furnishing close-grained woods suitable for the manufacture of bobbins. 



Species 1. P. tomentosa, Willd. ; 2. P. pyramidata, Wall. ; 3. P. herigaUnsis, 

 Clarke ; 4. P. latifolia, Roxb. 



1. Premua tomentosa, Willd. Vern. Narvu, Tel. ; Podanganari, Tam. 



A moderate-sized deciduous tree with branchlets and leaves densely 

 stellate-tomentose. Bark light greyish brown. Wood smooth, close-grained^ 

 suitable for turning and carving (Gamble). Central and southern India ; 

 common in the Deccan and in the drier parts of southern India. Flowers with 

 the young leaves in March-April ; fruits, June (Bourdillon). The fruits are 

 small drupes arranged in terminal cymes. The tree is not readily browsed 

 by goats. 



2. Premua pyramidata, WaU. Syn. P. tomentosa, Kurz. Vern. Kyunho, 

 kyunnalin, Burm. 



A moderate -sized deciduous tree with branchlets and under sides of 

 leaves softly stellate-tomentose. Bark light greyish brown. Wood hard, 

 close-grained, suitable for turning and carving. A tree common throughout 

 Burma in dry and upper mixed deciduous forests. Growth, according to 

 Gamble, 4 to 8 rings per inch of radius, giving a mean annual girth increment 

 of 0-78 to 1-57 in. 



3. Premna bengalensls, Clarke. 



A small or moderate-sized tree, closely allied to P. pyramidata, and 

 possibly not specifically distinct. Eastern sub-Himalayan tract, chiefly on 

 river-banks, Assam. Growth, according to Gamble, 3 to 5 rings per inch of 

 radius, giving a mean annual girth increment of 1-26 to 2-1 in. 



4. Premna latifolia, Roxb. Syn. P. viburnoides. Wall. ; P. mucronata, 

 Roxb. Vern. Bakdr, Hind. 



A small deciduous tree with thin Ught grey bark. Sub-Himalayan tract, 

 Indian Peninsula, and Burma, chiefly in rather dry mixed deciduous forest. 

 In the western sub -Himalayan tract it is often found in the mixed forest 

 which marks the transition stage between the riverain forest of Acacia Catechu 

 and Dalbergia Sissoo, and the final stage of sal forest on the more elevated 

 lands. In northern India the tree is leafless from February to April. The 

 corymbose inflorescences appear from April to June, and the fruit, a small 

 drupe, ripens in the cold season. The remains of the infructescences persist 

 on the trees long after the fruits fall. A cross-section in the silvicultural 

 museum at Dehra Dun showed 43 rings for a girth of 2 ft. 11 in., giving a mean 

 annual girth increment of 0-81 in. 



5. CALLICARPA, Linn. 



This genus consists mainly of shrubs, and the only species of some little 

 interest is the following : 



(Jallicarpa arborea, Roxb. 



A small or moderate -sized tree with the branchlets, under sides of leaves, 



