TYPICAL HOLDINGS 199 



Individual Cases. 



On one holding of 30 acres half pasture, half 

 arable there were thirty sheep, seven cows, two 

 horses, pigs and poultry. The milk was made into 

 butter during the spring and summer ; calves were 

 reared on the winter-calving cows, which were sold 

 off when fat, and replaced by others bought in the 

 market. 



A son and daughter worked on the farm. The 

 wife and daughter did the dealing part of the 

 business, leaving the men free to work on the land. 

 The holder originally rented land, and was a general 

 dealer in butter, fowls and eggs. He occupies one 

 of the original cottages of the farm. 



On another holding of 30 acres, 25 acres had 

 been laid down to grass by degrees, and on the 

 5 acres of arable I saw a good crop of roots and 

 cabbages. There were fifty-two sheep (including 

 lambs), three cows, a horse and poultry. They had 

 also two heifers out at grass on the adjacent down 

 land, for which they paid a neighbouring farmer 

 Is. 6d. a week. They used both artificial manure 

 and cake. The place was worked by the man, his 

 wife and a nephew. They had a mowing-machine, 

 and cut hay for the other holders. The land had 

 been some of the cheapest, owing to its incon- 

 venient situation, and it had been uphill work to 

 get it to its present pitch of production, but it now 

 gives a much greater return than formerly. 



Amongst those living on their holdings who were 



