LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



FIG. PAGE 



Wheat Raised on Reclaimed Alkali Land Frontispiece 



i. Salt-bearing Shale Formation 24 



2. Mancos Shale Hill 26 



3. Normal and Plasmolyzed Cells 35 



4. An Orchard Planted on Land that Came from a 



Formation High in Soluble Salts 37 



5. The Lower Part of an Orchard being Killed by Alkali 



brought to the Surface by a Rising Water Table. . 39 



6. Experiments to Determine the Toxicity of Various 



Alkali Salts 50 



7. Growth of Wheat with Various Concentrations of 



Different Salts 54 



8. Alkali Crusts at the Surface Preventing the Growth of 



Practically all Vegetation 61 



9. Alkali Land which is Indicated by the Growth of 



Shadscale 62 



10. Greasewood and Shadscale 66 



11. The Border between Greasewood and Salt Grass. ... 68 



12. The Last Plant to Abandon an Alkali Flat 71 



13. Plants Growing at the Top of Sand Dunes 74 



14. Determining Soluble Salts with the Electric Bridge 



in the Field 102 



15. Alkali Coming to the Surface where Seepage Water 



from a Canal Comes to the Surface and Evaporates no 



XV 



