ANALYSIS BY THE UNITED STATES BUREAU 147 



this soil, while none is deemed necessary on the other soils." (Report for 

 1903, page 897.) 



W abash silt loam (Kansas) "varies from 12 to 24 inches in depth and con- 

 sists of a dark brown to black heavy silt loam. It is easily cultivated and 

 readily kept in good tilth. The subsoil consists of a compact and rather heavy 

 brown or yellowish silt loam. It occurs as long, narrow, tracts in the creek 

 valleys and along the outer edges of the river valleys. The type occupies a 

 rather low position in stream valleys and on gentle slopes. Its surface is 

 nearly level or gently sloping. It forms first bottoms of smaller streams and 

 second bottoms of larger ones. It is well drained naturally. The type has been 

 deposited by water, the surface consisting largely of material washed from the 

 surrounding hills, which are made up of shales and limestones. This wash 

 from the hills is continually adding to the type. " 



(1140 Ib. P.) "Corn is the most important crop, and yields from 30 to 

 75 bushels per acre, 40 to 45 bushels being an average yield in ordinary 

 seasons. Alfalfa, a very important crop on this type, yields 3 to 5 cuttings 

 a year, and averages about i ton per acre for each cutting. The average an- 

 nual yield is probably 3 or 4 tons of cured hay per acre. Wheat yields from 

 20 to 35 bushels per acre. . . . The land is cropped constantly, but as yet 

 the yields have not diminished greatly, although no fertilizer and very little 

 manure is used. The soil is naturally rich in organic matter, which may 

 account for its continued productiveness. Corn is often cropped year after 

 year on this type, and no system of rotation is used." (Report for 1906, page 



93 2 -) 



Hagerstown clay (Kentucky) "has a heavy texture, and varies from 3 to 12 

 inches in depth. It is yellow or brown in color. The subsoil is a heavy yellow 

 clay, extending to a depth of 3 or more feet. This soil type is derived from 

 limestones and shales. These rocks offer considerable resistance to disinte- 

 gration, and the soil may therefore be more thoroughly leached than would be 

 the case were the rocks more readily decomposed. The surface is rather 

 rough, rounded hills being dominant features. Surface washing has been great, 

 and the soil is generally shallow, the depth depending on its position. This 

 is a residual soil, being formed from the breaking down in place of the underlying 

 limestones and shales." 



(3490 Ib. P.) "Tobacco yields from 800 to 1200 pounds; wheat from 25 to 

 35 bushels; corn from 25 to 40 bushels; and hay from i^ to 2 tons to the acre. 

 . . . On the stony phase of this soil the same crops are produced, but the 

 yields are lower tobacco, 500 pounds; corn, about 25 bushels; wheat, less 

 than 12 bushels. . . . The Hagerstown clay is a good grain and grass land, 

 but it is rapidly deteriorating from continuous surface washing. . . . Unless 

 better methods are speedily adopted, this soil type will soon reach the condition 

 of its stony phase, locally known as the ' barren limestone' land. " (Report for 

 1903, page 626.) 



Hagerstown loam (Tennessee) " consists of brown or yellowish brown mellow 

 loam from 9 to 12 inches deep. It is underlain by a yellow to reddish yellow 



