No. 4.] SHADE-TREE INSECT PROBLEM. 113 



Second, nail a galvanized-iron tag about one inch square 

 on all trees found infected in the slightest degree, making 

 an accurate list of all such trees and the exact location, tak- 

 ing in also all trees on private ground adjoining, so as to 

 know just where to begin the work. 



Third, get your apparatus purchased before the month of 

 May, or this coming winter, if possible, so as to be ready 

 for your work next spring. 



The apparatus should comprise, for ladders, one three- 

 section extension ladder, 60 feet ; one two-section extension 

 ladder, 45 feet ; one single ladder, 35 feet ; one single lad- 

 der, 20 feet; one single ladder, 12 feet, for each gang of 

 five men where both large and small trees are to be sprayed. 



The best sprayer that has come to my knowledge is the 

 Ware hand pump, made for and used by the gypsy moth 

 committee. It is fitted with hardened brass fittings, is 

 worked by one man, and will spray two trees at once, but 

 not quite so rapidly as a steam pump sprayer. 



When there are a large number of large trees, 50 to 80 

 feet high, I recommend a two to three horse-power boiler 

 and a duplex steam pump. The one I use is manufactured 

 in Springfield, Mass., and will rapidly spray trees 80 feet 

 high by using a little larger nozzle for the top branches. 

 Be especially careful to spray both sides of the leaves, as the 

 beetle attaches its eggs on the under side of the leaf, and the 

 worms begin to feed there as soon as they are hatched out. 

 The early spraying is then far the most effective, as it kills 

 both beetles and worms. Always commence spraying at 

 top of the tree. 



Spraying poles 10 feet in length with attachment for 

 nozzles can be had for $3, and are very valuable for high 

 spraying. 



Although you want for most of the spraying work a noz- 

 zle that will spray, I find it better to use a little larger 

 straight-tip nozzle, so as to be sure to thoroughly wet the 

 top branches of high trees, — the most difficult work to be 

 done, as the beetles resort there when driven from the lower 

 part of the trees . 



A low one-horse truck for transporting the hand-pump, 



