172 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. [Pub. Doc. 



active opposition to all forms of adulteration and counter- 

 feiting of dairy food ? 



And right here let me say that these forces must be in- 

 voked in behalf of the consumer, mainly. He is the one 

 most preyed upon by fraud. In his injury is the producer 

 of honest food most seriously hurt. How potent this is to 

 teach us " that no man liveth to himself alone." 



Lastly, to so broaden the mind of the dairy farmer that 

 he shall see that true economy consists in a wise expenditure 

 of means ; that, as Isaiah saith, "The liberal deviseth 

 liberal things and by liberal things shall he stand." To be 

 stingy of mental effort or money in the prosecution of 

 dairying is not economy, that is parsimony. 



There is only one place where, I think, it is every farmer's 

 duty to be stingy and that is toward waste. The logic of 

 tins question calls loudly for a deeper study of the question 

 of fertility and the conservation of manures. Solid manure 

 exposed for one hundred and four days has been found to 

 lose 37.6 pounds of nitrogen for every 100 pounds contained 

 in it ; 51.9 pounds of phosphoric acid from every 100 

 pounds; and 47.1 of potash. Solid and liquid combined 

 loses 51 pounds of nitrogen, 51.1 of phosphoric acid and 

 61.1 of potash for the same length of exposure. More than 

 half of the real value of manure will be lost by exposure of 

 four months. The amount thus lost from one well-fed cow 

 would cost $12.50 if purchased in the form of commercial 

 fertilizer. 



In my own experience I have found the highest economy 

 in a liberal use of land plaster in the stables and manure 

 pile. Add to this the hauling of the manure every day 

 where the lay of the land will permit it. I find that the 

 labor cost of the hauling is much less in winter than in the 

 spring or fall ; that I have saved great loss from leaching and 

 evaporation ; that it is much more cleanly and healthful for 

 the cattle and the condition of the yards. I count that the 

 land plaster returns to me fully double what it costs. The 

 effect of the plastered manure over the unplastcred can be 

 readily seen where both are used in a field of corn side by 

 side. 



