No. 4.] DA IKY ECONOMICS. 191 



little expcn.se, as to have them do this work every day. — 

 see that the stable is thoroughly cleaned, and the manure 

 drawn every day upon the land that I expect to plow for coin, 

 a- a rule. I usually stow 4<» to 60 acres of corn, and all this 

 land has to be manured thoroughly every year. Perhap- 

 if I had hilly land, where there wa> danger of wash, 1 -hould 

 not manure it in the winter, but manure it in the spring. 

 Of course you want to apply gumption to all these things. 



Prof. George T. Powell (of Briarcliff Manor, X. Y.). 

 At certain farms where 1,100 cows are being kept, for sev- 

 eral years the practice has been not to have heifers come 

 in until three years of age, instead of two. I want Gov- 

 ernor Hoard to give the dairymen here present his opinion 

 of that. "VYe find, in studying up the records of these 

 heifers coming in with the first calf at three years, that a 

 very large number are giving from 6,000 to 7,000 pounds 

 of milk for their first year, and producing from 300 to 350 

 pounds of butter. They are all Jersey cows. And in com- 

 parison with those that came in at two. the three-year-old 

 records ran much higher. I should be glad to have Gov- 

 ernor Hoard's opinion. 



Ex-Governor Hoard. Do you find that where the heifers 

 are carried over to three years of age they are bred at 

 twenty-six and twenty-seven month- : 



Professor Powell. Y'es. 



Ex-Governor Hoard. Do you find there is any increase 

 in the number of them that are barren ? 



Professor Powell. That has not been found to be so. 



Ex-Governor Hoard. Do you find they become rather 

 beefy in appearance? 



Professor Powell. Xo. 



Ex-Governor Hoard. I have a dread all the time of a 

 heifer coming 1 to tlesh. I don't want them to get into a 

 beefy condition. I have often thought, at least, that I saw 

 a starting of their growth in a heavv way, so for that rea- 

 son I have always bred at fifteen months and had my heifer- 

 come fresh at two years of age. and I have thought that 

 a good rule. 



Professor Powell. I would like to add one other point. 



