2fi8 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. [Pub. Doc. 



coming a farmer. Some years ago I happened to be in the 

 State of Iowa, and I saw a man at work planting corn, and 

 all the work he seemed to do was to sit on some kind of a 

 machine and hold back two fine-spirited horses to keep them 

 from working themselves to death. This white man was 

 not only sitting on the machine, but he had a big red umbrella 

 hoisted over him. I had never seen a man planting corn 

 that way before, and I became immensely interested in it, 

 and I noticed that the machine that the man was sitting on 

 went over the ground and plowed it, and I think it marked 

 the furrows, and I am very sure it dropped the corn into 

 the furrows and then it covered the corn. After a while I 

 was in Georgia, and I saw a black man planting corn, in 

 fact, I saw him competing with the white man in the State 

 of Iowa in the corn markets. He had a plow and an old 

 mule, and he had a pole about five yards long hitched to the 

 old plow. The mule would go a few } 7 ards and stop, and 

 this fellow would reach back and get the pole and lam the 

 old mule. The old mule would prick up his ears and go on 

 a little faster. Then the poor fellow had to stop again and 

 knock the old plow together, to keep it from falling to 

 pieces. The plow Avas about three inches wide, cutting 

 about three inches into the land. After he got the plow 

 fixed he would go on a little further, and then have to stop 

 to tie up the harness to keep it from falling to pieces. It 

 was made partly of rags and partly of leather. He would 

 get the harness fixed and go on until he got nearly to the 

 end of the row, and then he had to stop again and fix up 

 his one gallus to keep his pants intact. He was one of 

 these one-gallus farmers. I don't suppose you have any of 

 them in Massachusetts. This one-imllus farmer would go 

 over that land with that old mule plow and plow it up. 

 Another one-gallus farmer came behind and marked out the 

 furrows. A third one-gallus farmer came behind him and 

 dropped the corn into the furrows, and another one-gallus 

 farmer came and covered the corn. My friends, under any 

 eonceivable circumstances, is it possible for that black man 

 in Georgia, following that old mule, to compete with that 

 man in Iowa sitting 1 down under that red umbrella? There 



