No. 4.] FARMERS' NATIONAL CONGRESS. 337 



marking and sale as butter; a fraud upon the public who 

 buy it for butter and pay the price of butter for it, when its 

 manufacture costs not more than two-thirds that of butter ; 

 fraudulent because it foists upon the market an inferior 

 article as genuine, and the manufacturers enter into col- 

 lusion with their agents for its sale in defiance of State laws. 

 He further took the ground that its sale unrestricted should 

 stop, and that the Congress of the United States should 

 enact laws to compel manufacturers to mark it plainly as 

 oleomargarine. After a free and full discussion of the 

 merits of the question, a vote was taken which resulted 

 nearly unanimously in favor of the position taken by the 

 essayist. 



Other essays were: "The homestead beautiful," by Dr. 

 E. Benjamin Andrews, Chancellor University of Nebraska ; 

 " Eice culture," by J. B. Foley of Louisiana ; " The present 

 aspects of the sheep industry," by Hon. J. R. Dodge of New 

 York ; " The American girl," by Mrs. Bertha Dahl Laws of 

 Minnesota; "Farm home life," by Hon. M. F. Greeley of 

 South Dakota; "Forest trees: extant and petrified," by 

 J. P. Brown of Indiana; "The need of proper recreation 

 for farm laborers," by Professor Gregg of Minnesota. 



The following resolutions were reported and adopted : 

 endorsing the postmaster-general in defending the public in- 

 terests and that of legitimate publications ; urging Congress 

 to make liberal appropriations for rivers and harbors ; urging 

 Congress to investigate the effect of ranchmen upon the 

 ranges whose lands should be preserved from actual settlers ; 

 in favor of the Nicaragua canal ; expressing horror at the 

 recent assassination of President McKinlev, and sympathy 

 with his family ; urging the Legislatures of States to enact 

 laws tending to prevent such occurrences ; that every State 

 should pay more attention to the study and instruction of 

 agriculture ; against oleomargarine and similar products ; 

 endorsing reciprocity trade arrangements ; and in favor of 

 extending rural free delivery and of the parcels posts. 



Boston, Dec. 23, 1901. 



R. G. F. CANDAGE, 



For the Massachusetts Delegates. 



