No. 4.] 



ORCHARD SCALES. 



355 



scales as a protection. In the fall the eggs are laid under 



the hinder part of the scale, and the parent dies, leaving its 



scale as a covering during the winter for its eggs, which 



hatch the following spring. The male scales are smaller 



and of a slightly different form from the female scales, as 



shown in Fig. 1 . 



This insect is found on a large number of food plants, 



the more important ones being the apple, pear, plum, 



quince, lilac, ash, poplar, willow, elm, maple, raspberry, 



currant and rose. 



The Scurfy Scale. 



(Chionaspis furfura Fitch.) 



The scurfy scale, probably a native of this country, is 

 generally abundant over the eastern United States, but is 

 most plentiful south of New England. 



The scale itself is somewhat smaller than that of the 

 oyster-shell scale, and is usually broader in proportion to 

 its length. One end is 

 somewhat pointed, while 

 the other is irregularly 

 rounded, the general 

 color being a dirty 

 Avhite, which makes it 

 quite noticeable (Fig. 2, 

 a and c) . 



The scales of the male 

 (Fig. 2, b and d) differ 

 from those of the female 

 above described in form, 

 and are also smaller. 



The habits of this scale 

 are similar to those of 

 the oyster -shell scale, 

 the winter being passed in the egg stage. The ten to sev- 

 enty-five eggs which may be found under the female scale 

 hatch in June, and the purplish young crawl about for a 

 few days, after which they settle down to feed. The re- 

 mainder of the life history is much the same as that of the 

 oyster-shell scale. 



Fig. 2. — Scurfy scale: a, female, b, male scales, 

 natural size on twigs; c, female scale, much en- 

 larged; fl, male scale, much enlarged. (Howard, 

 U. S. Dept. Agr., Yearbook, 1894.) 



