No. 4.] 



CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. 



485 



I 



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the rubber. Extra washers to be placed inside of the cap at each 

 end of the glass barrel are also to be found in the syringe box. It 

 is of the greatest importance that the syringe be perfectly tight, in 

 order that not a drop of vaccine may escape except through the 



point of the needle. If a leak 

 occurs, unscrew the cap of the 

 syringe, withdraw the glass bar- 

 rel and replace the old washers 

 with new ones. In order to pre- 

 vent the plungers and washers 

 from drying out, the small loose 

 cap Ic should always be tightly 

 adjusted to the peg p when the 

 sjmnge is not in use. The hypo- 

 dermic needles should be kept 

 very sharp at the point, in order 

 to pass easily through the skin, 

 and when not in use should have 

 a fine brass wire passed through 

 each, to prevent rusting on the 

 inside. 



Whenever the point of the 

 needle gets blunt, it becomes 

 very difficult to pass it through 

 the skin, the fingers of the oper- 

 ator become sore from attempt- 

 ing to force it through, and 

 frequently the needle either 

 bends or breaks. It is, there- 

 fore, of importance to have a 

 small oilstone at hand on which 

 to sharpen the point of the 

 needle. Before using the 



tested 



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syringe, it should be 



Fig. 2. — Hypodermic Syringe. 



thoroughly with pure water, to 

 ascertain that it is in perfect 

 working order. To this end, fill 

 the syringe slowly by withdrawing the piston. If the syriuge is 

 perfectly tight it should fill completely ; if it contains air bubbles, 

 turn it with the point upward and press the piston until the water 

 comes out of the point, then refill. The same precaution must be 

 taken when filling the syringe with vaccine. 



