No. 4.] CATTLE COMMISSIONERS. 493 



(ray fungus). ( Vide Hayes' "Translation of Friedberger 

 and Frohner.") The nomenclature, as the disease occurs in 

 cattle, is commonly applied from the location of the lesions. 

 If the fungus obtains access to the bones of the head, it is 

 known as "lumpy jaw;" when it occurs in the tongue, it 

 has been called " wooden tongue." 



Actinomycosis may occur not only in cattle, but in 

 horses, swine and man, but is very rare in the latter. In 

 cattle, where it produces what is commonly called " lumpy 

 jaw," the fungus first obtains entrance to the jaw bone, 

 either upper or lower, probably when a temporary molar 

 tooth is shed, finding lodgment in an alveolus before the 

 permanent tooth has grown up, and in this way the tumor 

 so well known to cattlemen originates. "When the tongue is 

 involved, it results from the actinomyces finding a resting 

 place in a cut or scratch on this organ. Secondary growths 

 may occur in the lungs and other localities. When the 

 disease occurs in the udder, it must gain access to the milk 

 duct, and finds probably an irritated surface at some point 

 in the interior of the gland where it can develop. From 

 time to time during the past five years the attention of the 

 Board has been occasionally called to cows with a nodulated 

 condition of the udder. These nodules feel like tubercles, 

 and it is difficult to say whether the disease is tuberculosis 

 of the udder, or not. If the cow is tested with tuberculin, 

 and fails to react, it is certainly not tuberculosis ; but she 

 may react, and lesions of tuberculosis are found elsewhere, 

 and the nodules in the udder are found to be actinomycotic ; 

 or in some instances, if milk from the infected quarter is 

 examined, actinomyces may be found. 



During 1901 four cases of actinomycosis of the udder in 

 cows have come to the notice of the Board, three in Boston 

 and one in Cohasset. One of the Boston cases was reported 

 in April. The cow had recently calved, and otherwise was 

 a fine animal. A tuberculin test showed her to be free from 

 tuberculosis, and an examination of the milk revealed the 

 presence of actinomyces in the altered material secreted by 

 one hind quarter of the udder. The cow and calf were 

 purchased for experimental purposes, April 23, the calf 



