1901).] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 31. 205 



a pt'culiar sound. ^Vs near as I could ascertain they covered 

 about 15 square miles of territory. . . . By good evidence they 

 were here in 18-10. One old man said within his lifetime he 

 had seen them five times." 



The iirst recorded occurrence of this brood in 1833, by Dr. 

 Harris, was evidently a case of retardation in development, due 

 probably to unfavorable weather, for they should have appeared 

 one year earlier, in 1832. It seems strange that this swarm in 

 Dukes should l)e ])art of a brood whose nearest occurrence is in 

 central Pennsylvania, while brood XIV., in Barnstal)le and 

 Plymouth counties, is only about 4^2 miles away, across Vine- 

 yard Sound. At their (brood XIV.) last occurrence, in 1906, 

 the cicadas were very numerous at Falmouth, which is just 

 across from Martha's Vineyard, and with a favorable wind it 

 would seem as though the passage might easily be made. On 

 in(|uirv, however, it was found that no cicadas appeared on the 

 island in 190G. 



1852. (Riley, I.) Brood XL 

 Bristol, Fuanklin, IlAMrsiiiKE. 1020. 



Occurrence. 



Massachusetts: Hadley, 1818; Westfield, 1835; Deerfield, Freetown 

 (near Fall River), 1767," 1784, 1801, 1818, 1835, 1852, 18(39. 



Coinicc'tieut: Glastonbury, 1818, 1835, 1852; Suffield, 1818, 1869, 

 1886. 



Rhode Island : Coventry, East Greenwich, Washington, 1869, 1886, 

 1903. 



This is a small brood, formerly limited, for the most part, to 

 the valley of the Connecticut Biver in Massachusetts and Con- 

 necticut, \vith one colony in the vicinity of Fall River and an- 

 other near Coventry, B. I., separated from the main swarm. 

 The " Boston IMagazine " records the appearance of this brood 

 in Bristol County in 1784, while Dr. Fitch reports it as having 

 occurred in Hadley in 1818 and at Westfield in 1835. It was 

 reported from Deerfield and Bristol County by Dr. Smith from 

 1767 to 1852, and the genuineness of the brood was fully estab- 

 lished in 1867. It is evident that the brood had once a wide 

 distribution, for in the " American Journal of Arts and 

 Sciences " for 1862, Vol. 33, we read: " That part of our State 



