No. 4.] KKPORT OF CATTLE BUREAU. 195 



land Vaccine Companj^'s establishment for the production of vaccine 

 virus had any disease other than cow-pox. 



As foot-and-mouth disease prevails extensively in France, Italy, 

 Austria and Switzerland, and also to a less degree in some of the 

 other European countries, it does not seem impossible for the dis- 

 ease to have been imported from Europe in fresh " seed " brought 

 over to some vaccine virus establishment in the United States, to 

 renovate a product that was losing its vitality. 



ITavinc: this possible origin in mind, and knowing that 

 there was at Detroit, Mich., a large drng manufacturing firm 

 that of late years has embarked extensively upon the produc- 

 tion of biological products for the market, a letter was written 

 to the Chief of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, 

 as follows : — 



Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 



Cattle Bureatt op the State Board of Agriculture, 



State House, Boston, Nov. 20, 1908. 



Dr. A. D. Melvin, Chief United States Bureau Animal Industry, 

 Washington, D. C. 



Dear Sir : — When the time comes to trace the possible source of 

 the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease I think the possibility of its 

 being introduced into this country through vaccine ^drus should not 

 be lost sight of. At the time of the outbreak of foot-and-mouth dis- 

 ease in Massachusetts in the winter of 1902-03, an independent out- 

 break was started in Wakefield in August, 1903, by Dr. Ernest E. 

 Tyzzer, who was doing some experimental work in the study of 

 vaccine ^^rus. He inoculated calves with vaccine virus obtained 

 from a wholesale manufacturing drug firm of Philadelphia, at his 

 father's farm, and started an independent outbreak of foot-and- 

 mouth disease. The United States Bureau of Animal Industry and 

 the State of Massachusetts afterwards had him repeat the experi- 

 ments at a little place that was hired in Wakefield for the purpose, 

 and he gave calves foot-and-mouth disease again with the same vac- 

 cine virus. Dr. Salmon always took the ground that it might have 

 been contaminated by having been kept in Dr. Frothingham's ice 

 chest at the Harvard Medical School, but this does not seem at all 

 certain. 



The original outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in 1902 seems to 

 have started in Chelsea, and one of the first places where it occurred 

 was on the premises of a man named Owen Clark. Owen Glark used 

 to funiish cattle to Dr. Culver, who ran a vaccine virus establish- 

 ment in Chelsea. After Dr. Culver was through with the cattle he 



