189(5. 



THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 



lects. Tliore is no adequate outlet 

 for the volumes of snlphurous smoke 

 ■which ponr from the tunnels as the 

 trains pass through, and accordinp;- 

 ly the station is filled with noxious 

 fumes. Even in the hottest weather 

 it is hotter to keep the windows of 

 the railway carriages closed, hut 

 ■when the carriage is crowded, as at 

 certain times of the day it always is, 

 to excess, this is ohviously impossi- 

 ble. Leading medical experts have 

 given it as their distinct opinion 

 that the underground railways have 

 been directly the cause of a large 

 number of new diseases. Those who 

 constantly use the "underground," 

 for so the lines of both companies 

 are familiarly alluded to, develop ail- 

 ments of the heart or lungs, while 

 the eyes also frequently become seri- 

 ously affected. To the stranger the 

 effect of a journey on either the Met- 

 ropolitan or District railway is sin- 

 gularly painful. It produces head- 

 ache and nausea and affects the 

 chest and lungs in a marked degree. 

 To a stranger the difficulties of 

 travel by the underground are al- 

 most insuperable. The lines are laid 

 down in circles. Thus there are an 

 inner, a middle and fin outer circle. 

 The inner circle embraces the city 

 proper and runs from Aldgate round 

 to Aldgate again. But it is on the 

 outer circle that the uninitiated 

 traveler is m<jst likely to go wrong. 

 He may be within five or ten min- 

 utes' walk of the point he desires to 

 arrive at, and not knowing this he 

 goes to the Metropolitan or District 

 railway and asks if he can book for 

 such and such a station. The clerk 

 always replies that he can, and the 

 unlucky wight is put on board a 

 train which will carry him round 

 the whole Metropolitan area and 

 take an hour in tho doing of it. — 

 Chicago Times-Herald. 



War as a CiviUier. 



Merchants undoubtedly in early 

 times penetrated foreign tribes and 



uatioijs ana Drougnt nome m adai- 

 tion to their wares stories of what 

 they had seen and learned abroad. 

 But tho merchants wei-e too few, too 

 ignorant and xn'ejudiced and too lit- 

 tle given to observation to spread 

 much useful information in this 

 way, and their peoples were too self 

 satisfied to give up any customs and 

 beliefs of their own for those thus 

 brought them. 



How, then, could any effective re- 

 sult from national contact be pro- 

 duced? In primitive times the only 

 effective agency must have been 

 that of war. Destructive as this is 

 in its results, it has the one useful 

 effect of thoroughly commingling 

 diverse peoples, bringing them into 

 the closest contact with each other 

 and forcing upon the attention of 

 each the advantages possessed by 

 the other. The caldron of human 

 society must be set boiling before its 

 contents can fully mingle and com- 

 bine. War is the furnace in which 

 this ebullition takes place and 

 through whose activity human ideas 

 are forced to circulate through and 

 through the minds of men. — Charles 

 Morris in Popular Science Monthly. 



The NeTT Girl In Tr. . ■.,,;-. 



"Miss Minnie Eerthn Learned will 

 now give us sonic very interesting 

 experiments in chemistry, showing 

 the carboniferous character of many 

 ordinary substances, after which she 

 will entertain us with a short treat- 

 ise on astronomy and an illustration 

 of the geological formation of cer- 

 tain substances and close with a 

 brief essay entitled 'Philosophy Ver- 

 sus Rationalism.' " Thus spoke the 

 president of a young ladies' semi- 

 nary on tho class show day. 



A hard headed, old fashioned farm- 

 er happened to be among the exam- 

 ining board, and he electrified tho 

 faculty and paralyzed Miss Minnie 

 by asking, "Kin Miss Minnie tell 

 me how unich 16 3-4 pounds of beef 

 would come to at 15 1-2 cents a 



