SECRETARY'S REPORT. 115 



these cattle a little more closely. They differ in some minor 

 points in the different sections, but have many points in com- 

 mon throughout these wild mountain regions. In passing from 

 Lake Ziirich to Zug, for instance, a rich and highly cultivated 

 section abounding in fertile fields and orchards, and so on to 

 the canton of Schwytz, over the ruins of Goldau, we see them 

 marked by a heavy and well-rounded form, with very broad 

 and widely-built hind-quarters, often a little sunken behind the 

 shoulders. Hundreds of these cows are seen in the ascent to the 

 Rigi from the canton of Schwytz, and in the descent to Kliss- 

 nacht on the Lake of Lucerne ; but as we pass on through 

 Unterwalden andUri the size is, perhaps, a little smaller, and in 

 the Grisons it is only medium. The head is usually narrower, 

 the neck thinner, the tail not so high set as in the larger 

 spotted race. These dark gray cows give great yields of milk, 

 and bring heavy calves. 



I saw these fine cattle in the imperial dairy at Vincennes, 

 where they have the credit of being the best for dairy purposes 

 of any they had. The Ayrshires and the celebrated Flamand 

 cows stood alongside in competition with them. They are sent 

 into Italy in immense droves, over the Spliigen Pass and the 

 St. Gothard every fall, as well as over the St. Julier and 

 Maloya Passes into Lombardy. 



In the little canton of Appenzell, lying to the east of St. 

 Gallen, and extending up to the Lake of Constance on the south, 

 there is a class of cows known as the girdled breed, having a 

 broad white band extending round the whole central part of 

 the body. The rest of the body is usually red or mouse 

 coTored. Their chief characteristics do not materially differ 

 from the Schwytzers, just mentioned. 



Then lying to the east of that great mountain-skirted canton 

 of the Grisons, come the districts where the Algauers and the 

 Montafoners or Voralbergers graze the luxuriant mountain 

 pastures of Tyrol. The Montafoner cows seem to be closely 

 allied to the Schwytzers, as if an active trade had been carried 

 on at some former period and the stock had somehow got 

 mixed up. The Montafoner is of medium size, the predomi- 

 nant color rather darker than that of the Schwytzer, while 

 there will often appear more or less white spots, and the back is 

 generally swayed. 



