SECRETARY'S REPORT. 187 



gave 1,240 pounds ; but the weight has no doubt been increased 

 by the good keeping at Hohenheim, and exceeds that of the 

 animal on its native mountain pastures. The bulls often weigh 

 as high as 1,800 to 2,000 pounds. 



All the cattle, except, of course, the working oxen, are kept 

 in stall the year round. The stall is roomy, high, light and 

 dry J — 263 feet long — with a roof of sloping boards. The stand- 

 ing-platform is stone, cemented, with channels behind for 

 carrying off the drainage. The cows stand in two rows, head 

 to head, and between, through the whole length, there is an 

 elevated passage-way, ten feet wide, for feeding, with troughs 

 made of oak plank. No fodder racks are used. The stable is 

 about forty feet wide. The windows are large, with iron frames, 

 easily opened and shut. The doors are also arranged with slides, 

 to secure ventilation. Just outside are sheds for cutting the 

 green fodder, as it is brought up — an old man and a stout 

 peasant girl were kept at work, in cutting vetches and clover, 

 nearly all the time I was there. 



The feed is green ; taken fresh from the field, from the begin- 

 ning or middle of May till the end of October ; consisting of 

 rye, lucerne, clover, trefoil, vetches, sugar millet, turnip leaves, 

 spurry, <fec., alternately. All the food, green and dry, is cut up, 

 so as to prevent any loss. The feeding value of green food to 

 hay, is as one to five. In winter the feeding consists of hay, 

 clover hay, or other dry fodder ; beet-roots and straw ; malt 

 combs are occasionally fed. Oil-cake and crushed grain are 

 given now and then. The feeding of raw potatoes has become 

 impracticable, on account of the rot. The winter fodder state- 

 ment shows that 100 pounds of hay are equal, in nutritive value, 

 to 275 pounds beets, carrots and artichokes ; to 200 pounds of 

 straw, rape husks, potatoes ; to 160 pounds chaff; to 125 pounds 

 beer malt ; to 60 pounds oats ; to 50 pounds crushed grain and 

 oil-cake. 



The following table will serve to show the number of pounds 

 of food of various kinds, and its equivalent in hay, which each 

 animal is accustomed to receive per day : 



