192 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



the Wiirtemberg race, have created considerable demand in 

 trade, especially for France. The demand for mutton sheep, 

 in the last few years, and the keeping of sheep for their manure, 

 has great^ increased, while the demand for extremely fine 

 cloth wool and carding wools has fallen off, partly on account 

 of fashion and of the wool manufactures, partly on account of 

 a want of docility and endurance of folding of such sheep. The 

 Electoral flocks have become less and less, their places being 

 supplied by coarser and heavier fleeced animals. The result of 

 this change has been the increased importance of mutton pro- 

 ducing sheep, and the production of a cross breed in Hohenheim 

 with the older Merino basis, in the years 1854 and 1855, and 

 since. 45 native ewes in lamb by a fine buck were bought and 

 24 English Merino ewes put with them, which came from a cross 

 of an English buck with long wool and large Merino ewes in 

 1830. This new breed has now grown up to 200 ewes. The 

 principal bucks used besides that named, were one from Ram- 

 bouillet, and a third of Rambouillet and English cross-breed. 



Besides this English Merino breed, which was kept up from 

 1822 to 1850, is the so-called Justinger breed. The Duke of 

 Wiirtemberg effected a purchase in Segovia (Spain) and in the 

 south of France, in 1786, which was bred as the State model 

 fl.ock on the estate at Justinger. In 1822, ten hundred and 

 eighteen of them were transferred to Hohenheim. In 1829 the 

 institute lost the Justinger pastures, and had to stall-feed the 

 flock in summer. The Justingers had a middling fine wool fit 

 for cloths, and were large and sheared heavy fleeces. They 

 improved the flocks of the country. The 45 ewes above- 

 mentioned had come from them. But not only the new breed, 

 but the old Hohenheim Merino flocks contained Justinger 

 blood. In transferring the State breeding flocks to Hohen- 

 heim, a flock of the purest Electorals from the Saxon folds, 

 consisting of 83 ewes and 7 bucks, was kept till 1826. They 

 formed the fine Hohenheim Electoral, which was improved by 

 two bucks and four ewes from Upper Silesia in 1846, and had 

 grown up in 1850 to 130 breeding ewes. 



The Electoral bucks have been used to improve the Justinger 

 ewes since 1824, and thence are called the Justinger-Electorals. 

 As a result of the cross, the wool became so fine that in 1850 

 the Justingers and Electorals could be put together. The 



