SECRETARY'S REPORT. 227 



prevent its exhaustion. The manuring is not wholly used up 

 when another is added, as will be seen in this course. 



1. Roots, strongly manured. 



2. Cereals, mostly spring grains. 



3. Clover. 



4. Wheat. 



5. Annual forage, for soiling cattle, half-manured. 



6. Colza. 



7. Wheat. 



There is, sometimes, a deviation from this rotation, lucerne 

 sown instead of clover. Oats follow the old lucerne, and 

 spring and autumn wheat follows roots. This rotation divides 

 the labor over the season advantageously. 



The potato once stood at the head of the rotation at Grig- 

 non. It contributed much to improve the calcareous soils 

 newly turned up. They cultivated first a late yellow variety, 

 which produced on an average from 330 to 350 bushels per 

 acre. Since the appearance of the disease, they cultivate an 

 early yellow variety, which does not yield more than from 160 

 to 275 bushels. 



The beets, first cultivated for the immediate consumption of 

 stock, had the best part of the rotation of roots. It was a 

 variety of the Silesian, with the long neck, yielding largely. 

 After that the yellow globe was preferred. But since the lands 

 have been improved and the distillery was built the roots go 

 first to the distillery and then to the stock, so that the sugar 

 beet is cultivated. The Rose of Flanders, and white Magdeburg, 

 comprise the greater part of the roots cultivated. They are 

 sown with the Grignon seed-sower. The yield varies from 

 36,000 to 74,000 pounds per acre. 



The carrot is the most expensive root cultivated, and yet it is 

 the most profitable on account of its great yield. Carrots are 

 grown for horses and to vary the root fodder of horned cattle 

 and lambs. The varieties are the white, with the green neck 

 and the long red. The average product per acre, 40,000 to 

 to 60,000 pounds. 



The artichoke served as a transition crop to improve poor, 

 calcareovis soils, which it occupied for several years without 

 receiving any manure. It has been since cultivated in the same 

 conditions as other roots. It yields from 22,500 to 31,500 



