THE MODEL PRODUCTIVE STATE. 21 



wlio aive and tliose who take ; not impoverished whenever a 

 single staple shall fail or shall not be wanted, independent 

 alike of a surplus around the Caspian or of a famine in Ireland ; 

 generatiiig new forms of want, (for he who creates a new want 

 is a public benefactor,) therefore opening the way to new 

 modes of labor, and interlacing the social system with a net- 

 work of mutually dependent interests and classes ; saluting the 

 buyer and seller of other States with the symbols of its com- 

 merce ; musical in all its borders at home with a machinery 

 which in constancy and power transcends even all human 

 hands ; and finally, holding all the ranks and all the depart- 

 ments of our social being in full sympathy with an intelligent 

 and vitalized Agriculture, which furnishes to them all the 

 breath of life. Such, I venture to state, is the form and pre- 

 sence which labor takes under the highest development of our 

 civilization. Such a condition is the result of so simple a cause 

 as the classification and separation of the occupations of men, 

 initiated in the first instance in Europe by the introduction of 

 the useful arts, and already become the striking feature of our 

 own community. Great Britain undoubtedly occurs to us as 

 the most perfect example and illustration of this policy of States, 

 while, if we were searching for the nearest approximation to 

 such a model in this country, I suppose we should be authorized 

 in accepting the judgment of our neighbors and naming our 

 own Commonwealth. 



The published returns of the productive labor of Massachu- 

 setts give a result of more than three hundred millions of 

 dollars in value, turned out annually from her fields and work- 

 shops. Tliis volume of profitable industry surprises us by its 

 vastness, and it is only justly appreciated and understood when 

 we consider that it pours in from a thousand rills through all 

 her valleys, and rolls on at last to the ocean of aggregated 

 human life, proceeding first, last, always, and all of it, from 

 free, intelligent, divided labor. Let us bear in mind, however, 

 that of this vast and varied product of Massachusetts, three 

 hundred annual millions, only one-eighth part, or less than 

 forty millions, belongs to agriculture. Neither do I speak of 

 this in any spirit of depreciation, nor is this by any means an 

 inconsiderable amount. On the contrary, we may justly reckon 

 it the brightest gem in the coronet of our industry. Though 



