76 ESSEX SOCIETY. 



were taken up and set out. Great care should be taken to 

 keep every root as perfect as possible, when taken from the 

 nursery, and before setting out, each tree should be turned up, 

 and the end of every root of any size, be cut off with a sharp 

 knife, at an angle of about forty-five degrees. 



The land should be measured off, and a stake put down at 

 the distance you intend they shall stand ; and which, I think 

 should not exceed twenty-five feet each way. The tree should 

 be placed upon the ground and marked all round the roots, the 

 hole dug just as deep as the tree stood in the nursery, (never I 

 think, to exceed one-half inch deeper.) Then set the tree in 

 its place, one man to hold it steady, one in the hole to place 

 every root, the other with a shovel, to pulverize the dirt and 

 sift it in among the roots, while the one in the hole, places with 

 his fingers every root and little fibre, in their proper place ; 

 and so continue till the hole is full, and the setting is com- 

 pleted. Never tread the ground hard round the tree. 



Setting forty to fifty trees is a good day's work for three 

 men in easy land. I consider it all important that all trees 

 should be set out right and with great care, and be taken care 

 of after they are set out. The land should be manured and 

 cultivated for years, or at least, until the trees come to a bearing 

 state. 



Newbuky, Sept. 1849. 



Fruits. 



There were seventy contributors of fruits, being one third 

 more than at any former exhibition. The show of native 

 grapes was fine, and the committee had a fine opportunity to 

 test the merits of the several varieties. The '^ mammoth 

 grape," of Mr. Carter, of Lowell, closely resembles a variety 

 which we saw, six or eight years since, at the farm of the late 

 Abel Nichols, in North Danvers. The berries were large, 

 nearly round, and of a dark amber or light brown color, skin 

 thick, and pulp firm. It was found to be in flavor inferior to 

 the variety of Rev. G. B. Perry, of Bradford, and decidedly so in 

 comparison with that of John Adams, of Newbury ; the latter, 



