364 SELECTIONS FROM ADDRESSES. 



are ripe ; as the unripe potatoes will produce an earlier and 

 more abundant crop than those fully ripened. 



The reports we have had upon manures, the process of mak- 

 ing composts, and the different materials adapted for the pur- 

 pose, the different kinds of manure, and their adaptedness to 

 different soils, leave but little further to be said upon the sub- 

 ject ; except perhaps in their application. 



After the old mode of manuring in the hill, was succeeded 

 by ploughing and turning it under the furrow, we thought we 

 had secured it from waste, by evaporation, although applied in 

 a coarse state ; but in this I am confident we were mistaken. 

 There is no mode by which manure may be applied to land, in 

 a coarse unbroken state, and be preserved from waste, either 

 by ploughing or harrowing. The scarcity and price of manure 

 renders it all important to the farmer, that it should be applied, 

 so as so receive the fullest benefit from it. In order to do this, 

 the land should be ploughed, harrowed, and rolled, until it is 

 of fine tilth, and the manure should be made fine, the finer the 

 better ; spread, ploughed or harrowed in, when it will be im- 

 mediately incorporated with the soil, and the crops receive the 

 full benefit of it. 



Orcharding, which had been for a great number of years, 

 almost entirely neglected, has for the last twenty or thirty years 

 generally received its full share of the farmer's attention, Sixty 

 years ago there were many old orchards ; but very few had 

 been planted for a number of years previous to that time, and 

 there were very few nurseries in the county, except such as 

 had grown up where the pomace from the cider mills had been 

 deposited in heaps. About this time, when planting out apple 

 orchards recommenced, these wild nurseries furnished almost 

 exclusively, the young plants, which after having been set in 

 orchards for a number of years, were some of them engrafted 

 from old trees, which bore the best fruit we then had : but 

 most of the scions being taken from old trees, or old varieties, 

 the fruit of the young orchards generally bore the marks of old 

 age, and some of them continued to bear but a few years, al- 

 though set on young and vigorous stocks. Some varieties are 

 wholly extinct. Of the Nourse's sweeting, so called, which 



