W. BUCKMINSTER'S ADDRESS. 421 



on the Cape, Fruit trees should stand in orchards, where cat 

 tie are not admitted. The soil should be kept broken The" 

 roots of trees in our worn soils, cannot contend successfully 

 «ga.nst grass roots. But when the orchard is kept in tilla J 

 the trees are soon large enough to bear. I once set ten Bakl- 

 wrn apple trees in a loamy soil, not r,ch, and nine of these 

 trees bore urue pecks of apples the fourth year after sett.ng 



i,Ued r r ""'" ^'^'^ '■™'" ">^ ""O- *'-" '-"- 



p anted No especial care was taken of (hem, other than to 



place oJd stack hay around the trunks and place fiat stones on 



. to keep rt ut place. This old hay kept the ground moist 



through he summer; kept it hght too ; and killed the weeds, 



«r kept them from starting. This mulching made it unneces! 



sary to set the trees deep in the soil, and no stakes were needed 



to support them. 



Farmers complain of the want of manure. There are but 

 few farmers who can afford to purchase it. With good man- 

 agenaent, a fam. will become richer as it is cultivated more 

 Much IS wasted on a majority of our farms,-but we are im- 

 proving. Twice as much manure is now saved, from an equai 

 number of cattle, as formerly. We mix other matter with the 

 .xcrenients to secure the salts ; and we suffer none of our cattle 

 to stroll about in winter. Our hog. are kept up through the year 

 It IS now more important to plough deep, than when the 

 soil was new. The cheapest mode I have ever tried to turn , 

 the earth the other side up, is to employ a well trained yoke of 

 oxen that need no driver. They will travel better without a 

 hand beside them, than with one. Oxen should all be so 

 trained, that the ploughman can manage them while he guides 

 the plough. ° 



Farmers ought to form clubs in each country town When 

 they are in the practice of meeting and discussing questions 

 elatnrg to farmmg, they mutually improve. Young men in- 

 tendmg to follow this occupation should join, and learn wisdom 

 from the experienced. In such meetings, many good ideas 

 wt 1 be circulated. All will improve, and a good spirit will be 

 fostered. Emulation will be kept alive, and a proper degree of 

 pride in this honorable occupation will be nourished. 

 54 



