No. 4.] MILK SUPPLY OF CITIES. 89 



food for children and adults than the milk of the Jersey, and 

 I think that medical men will agree with me, as a rule. 

 Why, gentlemen, even the Jersey calf does better on Hol- 

 stein milk than it does on Jersey milk. The standard as it 

 stands to-day works against these breeds. Ayrshire milk, 

 Holstein milk and Shorthorn milk are not simply as good 

 food for children as the Jersey and Guernsey, but better. 

 The Holstein and Ayrshire can be changed ; they can be 

 made in time, no doubt, to give milk of similar character to 

 that given by the Guernsey or the Jersey. If my position 

 is correct, why, then, you will certainly agree with me that 

 it is undesirable to try to make Jerseys out of the Holstein 

 and Ayrshire breeds. But if the standard be expressed in 

 two terms, — solids other than fat, and fat, — then you 

 would not necessarily discriminate against a Shorthorn to 

 the same extent as you do at present. Fat is useful, of 

 course, but there is such a thing as having too much. The 

 percentage of solids other than fat in milk does not vary 

 very widely. The Jersey will give 4 per cent or more of 

 fat, and the total of solids in the milk is accordingly 13 per 

 cent or thereabout. The Ayrshire or Holstein will give 3 

 or 3£ per cent, occasionally less,, of fat, and that would not 

 bring it up to 13 per cent solids. Of course it may be 

 argued with reason that such a change in the law would in- 

 crease the supply of milk, which is already too great, and 

 therefore it would work against the farmers. I do not think 

 that I am entirely in accord with the speaker concerning 

 this point of the standard, or the difference of the standard 

 in summer months compared with other months. 



Mr. Wiiitaker. There is a great deal of force in what 

 tli**: gentleman has just said, and if his premises were accu- 

 rate I should be inclined to agree with his conclusion. But, 

 as I have studied the composition of milk, I have been led 

 to believe that the average composition of the Jersey and 

 Guernsey milk is in the neighborhood of 14 or 15 per cent 

 of total solids, and the standard of 13 per cent represents 

 the average of all breeds, perhaps excepting the Holstein. 

 The law does not discriminate in favor of the Jerseys and 

 Guernseys, for they are above the standard. It represents 



