No. 4.] MODERN DAIRYING. 95 



railroad transportation. Wisconsin is nearer Boston to-day 

 than was Vermont forty years ago. 



Third. — Decreased fertility of our farms. You here in 

 New England know painfully well what that means. 



Fourth. — Increased cost of labor on the farm, as well as 

 cost of feed. 



Fifth. — The effect of adulteration, which has taken from 

 the farmer an important part of the market demand. 



Sixth . — The refusal of the market to take the product 

 of crude, unskilful farm labor. 



Seventh. — The rapidly increasing liability of loss in our 

 dairy herds through the introduction of modern diseases. 



Under the head of necessity No. 1 stands "more revenue." 

 It is evident that we must make more money out of the busi- 

 ness, unless, like many farmers, we are wholly discouraged 

 at the prospect of gain, and so content ourselves to barely 

 exist. But that will not do ; that is a reproach to our intel- 

 ligence and good sense. The price we are to get for our 

 products is settled beyond our control. The market end of 

 the string is not in our hands, except in the shading of 

 quality we put in our goods. What, then, shall we do for 

 necessity No. 1 ? 



Decrease the cost of production. How? First, as to our 

 own personality. We must become more intelligent con- 

 cerning what are called " dairy principles." We must be 

 willing to spend a little more time and money to fertilize 

 our thought and judgment. It is as evident as the sun at 

 midday that a very large proportion of the men who keep 

 cows have a poor, unprofitable cow judgment. We must 

 enlarge our ideas as to what a dairy cow means. Make ten 

 cows do the work of twenty, if possible, and thereby make 

 a profit on the keeping often. 



The amount the average dairy fanner spends for the pro- 

 motion of his dairy intelligence is too ridiculously small 

 to mention. It does not average fifty cents a year. How 

 can men expect to adequately provide for their growing 

 necessities, when they are so unwilling to secure dairy 

 knowledge whereby to secure a better dairy judgment? Are 

 they making money with their old judgment ? No ! Are 



