388 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OP STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



donna, but much finer than in B. josephince. They 

 usually intersect obliquely, although some cross at right 

 angles ; generally straight, but more frequently bent than 

 in A. belladonna, yet not nearly so often as in B. Joseph- 

 ines. Compound figures are occasionally present; they 

 are more numerous than in A. belladonna, but less than 

 in B. Joseph hue. 



The degree of polarization is very high (value 97), 

 about the same as in A. belladonna, but decidedly higher 

 than in B. Josephines. There is very little variation 

 among the individual grains as well as in the same 

 aspect of a given grain, but a somewhat greater range 

 of variation among the individual grains than in A. bella- 

 donna, although not nearly so great as in B. Joseph itue. 



With selenite the quadrants are sharply defined, about 

 the same definition as in A. belladonna, but much sharper 

 than in B. Josephines. They are generally unequal in 

 size, though a somewhat greater percentage of those of 

 equal size is present; hence the mean is slightly less 

 unequal than in A. belladonna, but it is much more 

 unequal than in B. Josephines. They are generally 

 regular in shape, though slightly more irregularity occurs 

 than in A. belladonna; they are much more regular in 

 shape than in B. Josephines. The colors are usually pure, 

 slightly less pure than in .4. belladonna, but decidedly 

 more pure than in B. Josephines. The impurity due to 

 a greenish tinge of both colors that accompanies ex- 

 tremely high polarization is somewhat more frequent 

 than in .4. belladonna and much more frequent than in 

 B. Josephines. 



In degree of polarization, character of the figure, and 

 appearance with selenite Brunsdonna sanderos alba is 

 closer to A. belladonna than to Brunsvigia Josephines. 



Iodine Reactions. 



With 0.25 Lugol's solution most of the grains color a 

 moderate blue violet (value 55), with a few moderate at 

 once about as reddish in tint as Amaryllis belladonna, 

 but more reddish and lighter than in Brunsvigia Joseph- 

 ines; deepens rapidly to moderately deep about the same 

 as in Amaryllis belladonna, neither quite so deep nor so 

 bluish as in Brunsvigia Josephines. With 0.125 Lugol's 

 solution the grains color very lightly, about the same as 

 Amaryllis belladonna, a little lighter than Brunsvigia 

 Josephines, then deepen gradually, becoming darker than 

 both parents. After heating in water until the grains 

 are gelatinized and then adding 2 per cent Lugol's solu- 

 tion the grains color a light to very deep pure indigo- 

 blue, fewer with a reddish tint than in either parent. The 

 mean is deep in color, much nearer the tint but some- 

 what lighter than in Amaryllis belladonna; much less 

 of reddish tint (purer) but somewhat deeper than in 

 Brunsvigia Joseph ines. The solution colors a deep indigo- 

 blue, deeper than in Amaryllis belladonna, and of about 

 the same depth but purer in color than in Brunsvigia 

 Joseph ina: If the preparation is boiled for 2 minutes and 

 then treated with 2 per cent Lugol's solution the grain- 

 residues color a light to very deep indigo-blue, a few 

 tinged with red; the mean is moderate to deep in color, 

 lighter than both parents, but nearer the tint of Amaryl- 

 lis belladonna than Brunsvigia Josephines. The capsules 

 color a light to deep heliotrope, mean moderate, lighter 

 and less reddish than in the parents. The solution colors 

 a wry deep indigo-blue, slightly deeper than Amaryllis 



belladonna, about the same as Brunsvigia Josephine?. 

 Quantitatively and qualitatively the iodine reactions show 

 a closer relationship to Amaryllis belladonna than to 

 Brunsvigia Joseph ina?. 



Aniline Reactions. 



With gentian violet the grains color light to moderate 

 at once, a little deeper than in both parents, and in half 

 an hour they become moderate to deep with only a few 

 of the latter, mean moderately deep (value GO), deeper 

 than in both parents. Variation in depth is found in 

 the individual grains and there are more scattered small 

 grains which stain deeply than in the parents. 



With safranin the grains stain lightly with a few 

 moderate at once, deeper than in both parents, and in 

 half an hour they become moderate to deep in color 

 (mean moderately deep to deep, value 65), deeper than 

 in both parents. 



In the reaction with gentian violet Brunsdonna san- 

 derce alba is closer to Brunsvigia Josephines than to 

 Amaryllis belladonna. In the reaction with safranin it 

 is closer to Amaryllis belladonna than .to Brunsvigia 

 Josephines. 



Temperature Reactions 



The gelatinization occurs in the majority of grains 

 at 70° to 71° C, and in all but the distal part of rare 

 grains at 71.5° to 73° C, mean 72.25° C. The tem- 

 perature of gelatinization of Brunsdonna sanderos alba 

 is much closer to Amaryllis belladonna than to Bruns- 

 vigia Josephines. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 



The reaction with chloral hydrate begins in a few 

 grains immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 5 per cent of the entire number of grains and 10 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 65 

 per cent of the grains and 75 per cent of the total starch 

 in 15 minutes; in about 93 per cent of the grains and 95 

 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes; in about 94 

 per cent of the grains and 97 per cent of the total starch 

 in 45 minutes ; in about 96 per cent of the grains and 98 

 per cent of the total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 1.) 



A small bubble appears at the hilum of most of the 

 grains, and more closely resembles that observed in 

 Amaryllis belladonna than in Brunsvigia josephinas; in 

 a small number of grains, however, the bubble becomes 

 quite large previous to expulsion, or a cleft at the hilum 

 may become much enlarged and very refractive in these 

 grains ; the resemblance is much less like that of Amaryl- 

 lis belladonna than of Brunsvigia josephinas. The bub- 

 ble, as a rule, is more transient than in both parents, 

 which may be the cause of the greater rapidity of gelatin- 

 ization, since the bubble at the hilum in all grains appears 

 to exert a repellent force upon the invasion of gelatiniza- 

 tion. The lamella 1 become slightly more distinct in more 

 grains than in Amaryllis belladonna, but the definition is 

 less clearly defined than in Brunsvigia Josephines. A 

 refractive border is formed as noted in both parents, but 

 this border broadens more quickly around the entire 

 grains and is more sharply differentiated from the less 

 refractive area than in both parents. Gelatinization be- 

 gins and proceeds in most of the grains as noted for both 

 parents, with much the larger number following the 

 method of Amaryllis belladonna than Brunsvigia Joseph- 



