392 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



of 2, 3, or 4 components, in this resembling Brunsvigia 

 Josephines and Brunsdonna sanderce alba. A few com- 

 pound grains are observed, some consisting of two small 

 grains, each with its own lamellae clearly defined, both 

 inclosed in secondary lamella?, and so located that they 

 are at the proximal end of a very broad ovoid grain ; and 

 others consist of two small grains inclosed in a very few 

 secondary lamellae. The compound grains noted in this 

 starch are more like those of A. belladonna than those of 

 Brunsvigia josephinw. The grains are often regular, but 

 sometimes rather more irregular in form than those of 

 A. belladonna but much less than those of Brunsvigia 

 Joseph inw, and the irregularities are due to the following 

 causes: (1) rounded projections from the sides and 

 proximal and distal ends; (2) deviation of the longitu- 

 dinal axis of the grain usually near the distal end; (3) 

 notches in the margin of varying size and position. The 

 conspicuous forms are elongated elliptical, with or with- 

 out a flattened distal end, ovoid (pure and elongated), 

 and nearly round. There are also triangular and pyri- 

 I'nrm grains. The grains are not flattened. In form 

 Brunsdonna sun/Jem- much more closely resembles A. 

 belladonna than Brunsvigia Josephines. It shows resem- 

 blance to Brunsvigia Josephines chiefly in the irregularity 

 and variety of its form. The grains are not so near A. 

 belladonna in form as those of Brunsdonna sanderw alba, 

 and not so near Brunsvigia Josephines in the number 

 and type of compound grain as those of Brunsdonna 

 sanderce alba. 



The hilum is not so distinct as in either parent, but 

 is nearer A. belladonna in this respect and the same as in 

 Brunsdonna sanderce alba. It is a small round spot, 

 which is often not fissured but more apt to be fissured 

 than in either of the parents, which are alike. In this 

 respect it differs from Brunsdonna sanderw alba which 

 is more often fissured than the parents. It is eccentric 

 from 0.36 to 0.14, usually 0.25 of the longitudinal axis. 

 Brunsdonna sanderce is nearer to A. belladonna than to 

 Brunsvigia josephinw in the character and eccentricity 

 of the hilum and is somewhat closer to the parents than 

 is Brunsdonna sanderce alba. 



The lamellae are rather fine and usually not very 

 distinct, and as a rule are like those noted under A. bella- 

 donna, although, in some grains they are irregular and 

 have a variety of forms as noted under Brunsvigia Joseph- 

 ines. The number counted on the larger grains varies 

 from 20 to 45, usually 34. In character and arrangement 

 of lamella? Brunsdonna sanderw is closer to A. belladonna, 

 than to Brunsvigia josephince., but in number slightly 

 closer to the latter. In the character and arrangement of 

 the lamellae Brunsdonna sanderce and Brunsdonna san- 

 derce alba resemble one another closely, except that the 

 average number on these grains is not so near the number 

 on Brunsvigia josephince as is that on the grains of 

 Brunsdonna sanderce alba. 



The grains vary in size from the smaller which are 

 10 by 8/i, to the larger, narrower forms which are 60 

 by 36/i, and the larger, broader forms which are 70 by 

 54/i in length and breadth. The common forms are 30 

 by 22/i and 34 by 30/i in length and breadth. Bruns- 

 donna sanderce is nearer to A. belladonna in ratio of 

 length to width of the grain, and in larger grains in 

 length, are nearer A. belladonna; but in length of the 



common-sized grains they are nearer Brunsvigia joseph- 

 ince. Brunsdonna sanderce is not so near A. belladonna 

 in size as is Brunsdonna sanderw alba. 



Polariscopic Properties. 



The figure varies from centric to very eccentric, with 

 many more of the latter so that the mean is quite eccen- 

 tric, although somewhat less than in A. belladonna and 

 considerably more than in Brunsvigia josephinw. The 

 figure is generally distinct and clean-cut, not always so 

 distinct as in A. belladonna, but much more so than in 

 Brunsvigia josephinw. The lines are generally fine with 

 slight broadening towards the margin, the mean not 

 quite so fine as in A. belladonna, but decidedly finer 

 than in Brunsvigia josephinw. The lines are more fre- 

 quently straight and intersect obliquely, although they 

 are more frequently bent and bisected and there is 

 greater variation in the angle of their intersection than 

 in A. belladonna, but in many more figures the lines are 

 straight and intersect more obliquely than in Brunsvigia 

 josephinw. Compound figures are more numerous than 

 in A. belladonna but considerably less frequent than in 

 Brunsvigia josephinw. 



The degree of polarization is very high (value 95), 

 slightly less than in ,4. belladonna but decidedly more 

 than in Brunsvigia josephinw. Greater variation occurs 

 among the individual grains as well as in the same aspect 

 of a given grain than in A. belladonna, but decidedly less 

 than in Brunsvigia josephinw. 



With selenite the quadrants are generally sharply de- 

 fined, but there is greater variation with the mean not 

 quite so sharp as in A. belladonna, but decidedly more 

 sharp than in Brunsvigia josephinw. The mean shape is 

 somewhat less regular than in .4. belladonna, but de- 

 cidedly more regular than in Brunsvigia josephinw. The 

 colors are generally pure, although impurity is found 

 (due both to a low degree of polarization and the green- 

 ish tinge due to a high degree of polarization) more fre- 

 quently than in A. belladonna, but the colors are more 

 frequently pure than in Brunsvigia josephinw. 



In the degree of polarization, character of the figure, 



and appearance with selenite Brunsdonna sanderw is 



closer to A. belladonna than to Brunsvigia josephinw; 



but not quite so close to A. belladonna as is Brunsdonna 



sanderw alba. 



Iodine Reactions. 



With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution most of the 

 grains at once color a moderate blue-violet with a few 

 moderately deep (value 55), about the same tint and 

 depth as in A. belladonnw but lighter and a little redder 

 than in Brunsvigia josephinw; the color deepens rapidly, 

 becoming slightly deeper and a little more bluish than in 

 A. belladonna and Bmnsdonna sanderw alba, but neither 

 quite so bluish nor so deep as in Brunsvigia josephinw. 

 With an 0.125 Lugol's solution the grains color a very 

 light blue-violet, about the same as in A. belladonna and 

 Bmnsdonna sanderw alba but a little lighter than in 

 Brunsvigia josephinw; the color deepens, becoming 

 darker than in either parent as well as in Brunsdonna 

 sanderw alba. After heating in water until the grains are 

 gelatinized and then adding a 2 per cent Lugol's solution 

 the grains color a moderate to very deep indigo blue, 

 rarely with reddish tint, much nearer the tint of A. bella- 

 donna though not so deep and somewhat less reddish. 



