404 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



are due to the same causes as noted under the parents. 

 The conspicuous forms are ovoid (with either one pointed 

 end or both ends blunted), round and nearly round 

 forms, and elliptical. There are also plano-convex and 

 dome-shaped, triangular, quadilateral with rounded cor- 

 ners, lenticular forms, and reniform. These grains are 

 slightly nearer to II. titan in form, but very few dif- 

 ferences are to be noted either between the parents or the 

 parents and the hybrid. 



The hilum, when not fissured, is not very distinct, as 

 in the parents; it is more frequently fissured and the 

 fissures are more extensive than in either parent, in 

 which respect it is nearer 77. titan than 77. cleonia. The 

 fissures have the following forms: (1) A single, straight 

 or angled line with smaller fissures branching from it; 

 (2) cruciform or Y-shaped; (3) an irregular, curved 

 line; (4) a single, straight line with no branches. The 

 hilum is sometimes centric but is usually eccentric from 

 0.46 to 0.3, commonly 0.36. In the character and eccen- 

 tricity of the hilum 77. titan-cleonia is slightly nearer to 

 //. titan than to 77. cleonia. 



The lamella are more frequently distinct and more 

 regular than in II. titan, and in this respect they are 

 nearer to 77. cleonia. In all other respects they are prac- 

 tically identical with those of both parents. The num- 

 ber counted on some of the common-sized and large 

 grains varies from 8 to 14, usually 11 to 12. In the 

 character of the lamella? 77. titan-cleonia is slightly 

 nearer to 77. cleonia than to 77. titan, but the number 

 is the same or practically the same as in all these starches. 



The size of the grains varies from the smaller which 

 are 5 by 5/x, to the larger, more elongated forms which 

 are 42 by 26/i or, rarely, 48 by 30^, and the larger broader 

 forms, which are 40 by 44/t, rarely, 50 by 44/x in length 

 and breadth. The common sizes are 30 by 22/t, 30 by 

 30/*, and 28 by 24/* in length and breadth. The grains 

 of the hybrid are much nearer 77. cleonia in size, but, 

 on the whole, larger than those of either parent. 



Polariscopic Properties. 



The figure varies from centric to very eccentric, the 

 mean is eccentric, very close to that of both parents, 

 but somewhat nearer to II. titan. The figure is usually 

 distinct and clean-cut as in the parents. The lines vary 

 from fine to moderately coarse and are arranged as in 

 the parents, but a somewhat larger number of grains 

 have the lines intersecting at right angles. The lines 

 are more frequently straight with broadening at the 

 margin, yet they are sometimes bent and bisected, a little 

 less frequently than in 77. titan, but the same as in 

 II. cleonia. Double and multiple figures are moderately 

 frequent, the same as in 77. titan, a little less numerous 

 than in 77. cleonia. 



The degree of polarization is high to very high (value 

 85) ; higher than in the parents but nearer to 77. titan. 

 The range of polarization is not so great as in the 

 parents; and the variation of polarization in the same 

 aspect of a given grain is the same as in the parents. 



With selenite the quadrants are usually well defined, 

 and the definition is sharper in a larger number of 

 grains than in the parents. The quadrants are usually 

 unequal in size, though more with equal quadrants are 

 found than in the parents, in which respect the hybrid 

 is closer to 77. cleonia. The quadrants are regular in 



shape in the majority of grains, yet irregularity is about 

 as frequently observed as in H. titan, a little more 

 frequent than in 77. cleonia. The colors are usually 

 pure, the purity is more frequent than in the parents, 

 but is closer to 77. titan. 



In the degree of polarization, the character of the 

 figure, and the appearances with selenite 77. titan-cleonia 

 is somewhat closer to 77. titan than to 77. cleonia, al- 

 though the hybrid and the parents are very close to one 

 another. A character which appears in either parent 

 may be further developed in the hybrid. 



Iodine Reactions. 



With 0.25 Lugol's solution the grains color at once 

 a moderate to deep (value 58) blue-violet, a little deeper 

 and more bluish than in either parent, but nearer 77. cle- 

 onia than 77. titan; the grains quickly deepen from dark to 

 very dark, becoming more blue. With 0.125 per cent Lu- 

 gol's solution the grains color a moderately light blue- 

 violet at once, a little deeper than II. titan, about the same 

 depth as in 77. cleonia; and the color deepens quickly 

 from moderate to deep, the same depth as in 77. cleonia. 

 After heating in water until the grains are gelatinized 

 and then adding a 2 per cent Lugol's solution, the gela- 

 tinized grains color a light to deep blue, a few with 

 reddish tint, most of the grains are light, hence the mean 

 is moderately light to moderate, a little deeper but about 

 the same purity of color as in 77. titan, and a little 

 lighter and purer than in II. cleonia. The starch solu- 

 tion colors a deep indigo-blue, about the same as the 

 parents. If the preparation is boiled for 2 minutes, and 

 then treated with an excess of 2 per cent Lugol's solution, 

 the grain-residues color a light to deep blue, usually 

 tinged with red, the mean is moderate to moderately deep, 

 a little deeper and more reddish than in 77. titan, and 

 of the same depth and tint as in 77. cleonia. The cap- 

 sules color from light to deep old-rose, the mean is mod- 

 erate to moderately deep, not quite so deep nor so reddish 

 as in 77. cleonia, but a deeper and more reddish tint than 

 in 77. titan, but not quite so deep as in 77. cleonia. The 

 starch solution colors a very deep indigo-blue, about the 

 same depth as in the parent. Qualitatively and quantita- 

 tively the reaction with iodine indicates a somewhat 

 closer relationship to 77. cleonia than to 77. titan. 



Aniline Reactions. 



With gentian violet the grains color very lightly at 

 once a little deeper than in 77. titan, the same as 77. 

 cleonia; and in about half an hour they become moder- 

 ately colored (value 50), deeper than in 77. titan but the 

 same as in 77. cleonia. 



With safranin the grains stain very lightly at once, 

 a little deeper than in 77. titan, about the same as 77. 

 cleonia, and in half an hour they become moderate with 

 a few moderately deep (value 55), deeper than 77. titan; 

 but the same as in 77. cleonia. 



The reactions with anilines exhibit a closer resem- 

 blance to 77. cleonia than to II. titan. 



Temperature Reactions. 



The majority of the grains are gelatinized at 72° 

 to 74° C. and of all at 73° to 74° C, mean 73.5° C. 

 The mean temperature is lower than in 77". titan (77.25°) 

 and the same as in 77. cleonia. 



