426 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



hilum is sometimes centric, but usually is eccentric from 

 0.44 to 0.29, commonly 0.38 of the longitudinal axis. 

 In character and in degree of eccentricity of the hilum 

 H. daones-zephyr is somewhat nearer to H. dwones than 

 to H. zephyr.. 



The lamella are as fine, but not so distinct, as in H. 

 dceones, and not so fine but more distinct than in H. 

 zephyr; and the arrangement is the same as in both 

 parents. The number counted on the common-sized and 

 larger grains varies from 8 to 20, usually 18. In the 

 character and the number of the lamella? H. daones- 

 zephyr is somewhat closer to H. dceones than to II. zephyr. 



In size the grains vary from the smaller which are 

 3 by 3/x, to the larger broad forms which are 38 by 34/x, 

 and 38 by 40/* in length and breadth, and the larger 

 elongated forms which are 36 by 28/*, rarely 46 by 34/* 

 in length and breadth. The common-sized grains are 

 24 by 20/*, 24 by 24/*, and 26 by 20/*; slightly smaller than 

 those of either parent, but the large grains are slightly 

 nearer to those of II. zephyr. 



Polariscopic Properties. 



The figure varies from centric to very eccentric as 

 in both parents, but since more of the centric type is 

 present the degree of eccentricity is slightly less than in 

 either parent. The lines have the same character and 

 variation in arrangement as in both parents, but more 

 frequently intersect at right angles than in either parent, 

 in which it is somewhat closer to H. dwones. The lines 

 are usually straight and broaden towards the margin, 

 they are less frequently either bent or bisected than in 

 either parent, and hence are little closer in this respect 

 to H. dwones. Double and multiple grains are present, 

 but are less frequent than in either parent, which charac- 

 teristic is closer to II . zephyr. 



Degree of polarization is high to very high (value 

 85), and the same range of polarization appears in the 

 individual grains and in the same aspect of a given grain 

 as in the parents, but since much fewer of the moderately 

 high are found, and the variation in the same aspect of a 

 given grain is much less frequent, the degree of polariza- 

 tion is higher than in either parent, but is nearer H. 

 zephyr. 



With selenite the quadrants are usually well defined, 

 the definition is sharper than in either parent, but is 

 closer to H. zephyr. The quadrants are unequal in size 

 in the majority of grains, yet they are equal in size in 

 many more grains than in either parent. The colors are 

 usually pure, more frequently than in either parent, but 

 in purity the grains are closer to H. zephyr. 



In the degree of polarization, the characters of the 

 figures, and the appearances with selenite, H. dwones- 

 zephyr is, on the whole, somewhat closer to H. zephyr 

 than to H. dwones, though being close to both parents, 

 in certain respects closer to one and in others to the 

 other parent. A character found in the parents may be 

 further developed in the hybrid. 



Iodine Reactions. 

 With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains imme- 

 diately color a moderate blue-violet (value 50), slightly 

 less bluish in tint and somewhat lighter in color than 

 in H. dwones, and slightly more bluish in tint, but of 

 the same depth of color as in H. zephyr; the color deepens 



quickly to deep, becoming bluer in tint, a little deeper 

 than in H. dwones and the same as in H. zephyr. After 

 heating in water until the grains are gelatinized and 

 then adding a 2 per cent Lugol's solution the grains 

 color a very light to deep blue, the majority light, the 

 mean being moderately light to moderate, and a reddish 

 tint is rarely present. The color is much lighter and 

 purer than in either parent, but is closer to H. zephyr. 

 The solution becomes a very deep indigo-blue, the same 

 depth as in both parents. If the preparation is boiled 

 and then treated with an excess of 2 per cent Lugol's 

 solution the grain-residues color a light to deep blue, the 

 majority being moderately deep, usually with a reddish 

 tint. They are slightly lighter in color than in 77. dwones 

 and deeper than in H. zephyr, and more reddish in tint 

 than in either parent. The capsules color a light to deep 

 old-rose, lighter than H. dwones and deeper than in 

 71. zephyr, and with more of a reddish tint than in either 

 parent. The solution colors a very deep indigo-blue, the 

 same as in both parents. Qualitatively and quantita- 

 tively the reaction with iodine shows a close relationship 

 to both parents, but slightly nearer to H. zephyr than to 

 H. dwones. 



Aniline Reactions. 



With gentian violet the grains stain lightly at once, 

 little lighter than in II. dwones, the same as in H. 

 zephyr; in half an hour they are moderate in color (value 

 50), lighter than in either parent, but nearer to H. 

 zephyr. 



With safranin the grains color very lightly at once, 

 the same as in both parents; and in half an hour they 

 become moderate to moderately deep in color (value 55), 

 the same as in both parents. 



The reactions with aniline stains show a very close 

 resemblance to both parents, but somewhat nearer to 

 H. zephyr. 



Temperature Reactions. 



The majority of the grains are gelatinized at 72° 

 to 73° C, and of all but very rare grains at 73.5° to 

 74.5° C, mean 74° C. 



The temperature of gelatinization of U. dwones- 

 zephyr is the same as of H. zephyr, and very little less 

 than of H. dwones. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 

 The reaction with chloral hydrate begins in a few 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 2 per cent of the entire number of grains and 3 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 11 

 per cent of the grains and 13 per cent of the total starch 

 in 15 minutes; in about 13 per cent of the grains and 



14 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes; in about 



15 per cent of the grains and 17 per cent of the total 

 starch in 45 minutes; in about 16 per cent of the grains 

 and 18 per cent of the total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart 

 D 64.) One or more bubbles, more frequently the for- 

 mer, appear at the hilum, as in both parents, and an 

 enlarged and refractive fissure is observed at the hilum a 

 little more frequently than in the parents, which is a little 

 closer to II. dwones. The lamellae do not usually become 

 more distinct, not quite so frequently as in H. dwones, 

 but as frequently as in H. zephyr. The entire grain 

 becomes refractive; and a marginal border of greater 



