446 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



onstrate the presence of the hilum and the lamella in 

 these grains. Since forms of grains of both parents are 

 present in the hybrid, the grains vary more in shape than 

 in either parent. The majority are of a more broadened 

 type than in E. katherince, standing nearer in this feat- 

 ure to those of H. puniceus. The majority of the grains 

 are much flattened, being more flattened than in E. 

 katherince, but there are not so many grains that are 

 much flattened as in H. puniceus. On the whole, the 

 alliance is closer to E. puniceus. 



The h Hum is usually not distinct in the large grains. 

 When observed it is a round, flattened-elliptical, or len- 

 ticular, non-refractive spot which varies from centric to 

 0.25 eccentric, commonly 0.35 to 0.45, of the longitudinal 

 axis. The hilum in the components of aggregates is a 

 small, round, refractive spot; centric to slightly eccen- 

 tric. It is not so refractive as in II. puniceus. The 

 hilum is more often demonstrable than in E. katherince, 

 but not so frequently as in II. puniceus. As regard pecu- 

 liarities of the hilum, the grains are closer to those of 

 E. puniceus. 



The lamellae are frequently not demonstrable, they 

 are about the same as in II. katherince, but more indis- 

 tinct than in E. puniceus. When observed near the 

 hilum, they follow the outline of this structure, and are 

 moderately fine to very fine, circular, elliptical, or lentic- 

 ular rings. Most of the lamella follow the outline of 

 the grains. Rarely one rather coarse and more refractive 

 lamella may be observed at about one-third of the dis- 

 tance from the hilum. On the more slender grains of 

 medium size 8 to 12, and on the larger broadened forms 

 about 20, laruellaj may be counted. The peculiarities 

 of the lamella? place the grains in closer relationship to 

 E. puniceus. 



The size of the grains varies from the smaller which 

 are 4 by 2/*, to the larger which are usually about 38 

 by 24/*, rarely 52 by 28/*, in length and breadth. The 

 common size is 28 by 20/*. In size the grains are closer to 

 those of H. puniceus. 



Polariscopic Properties. 

 The figure is centric to quite eccentric and moder- 

 ately clean-cut and distinct, the lines are more distinct 

 throughout the entire figure in more grains than in 

 E. katherince, but in about the same as in E. puniceus. 

 The character and arrangement of the lines are the same 

 as in H. katherince and E. puniceus, but there are more 

 grains in which they are broad and cross at right angles 

 than in E. katherince, but slightly less than in E. puni- 

 ceus. Double figures are much more frequently observed 

 than in H. katherince and about the same as in H. 

 puniceus. 



The degree of polarization is high to very high (value 

 80), higher than in either parent, but nearer to II. puni- 

 ceus. The same variation in the different grains as well 

 as in the same aspect of a given grain is the same as in 

 the parent, but the variation in the same aspect of a given 

 grain is usually greater than in E. katherince, and about 

 the same as in E. puniceus. 



With selenite the quadrants are moderately well 

 defined, in a majority of grains rather less than in E. 

 katherince, but about the same as in H. puniceus. They 

 are quite irregular in shape and unequal in size, less 

 than in E. katherince, but rather more than in E. puni- 



ceus. The colors are rather more often impure than in 

 II. katherince, and the yellow about the same, but the 

 blue not so often impure as in E. puniceus. In polari- 

 scopic properties the grains bear a closer resemblance to 

 those of //. puniceus. 



Iodine Reactions. 

 With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains color 

 a moderate to light reddish violet (value 43) which grad- 

 ually becomes a quite deep violet with bluer tint, not 

 quite so deep as in E. katherince, but deeper than in 

 E. puniceus, and with rather more of a reddish tint than 

 in either parent. With 0.125 per cent Lugol's solution 

 the grains color a light violet with reddish tint which 

 gradually becomes slightly deeper. At first the color is 

 about the same as in case of the starches of the parents, 

 but it does not become as deep nor as blue as E. kath- 

 erince, yet it is somewhat deeper than in E. puniceus. 

 After heating in water, until the grains are gelatinized, 

 and then adding 2 per cent Lugol's solution the starch 

 solution colors a deep indigo-blue, and the gelatinized 

 grains a rather light blue, some deeper than others, and a 

 few large ones taking on a reddish tint. There is a 

 greater variety in the depth of color, but the average is 

 considerably deeper than in E. katherince, and about the 

 same, but the color is not so pure as in E. puniceus. If 

 the gelatinized preparation is boiled for 2 minutes, and 

 then treated with an excess of iodine, the grain-residues 

 color a moderately light to moderately deep blue with 

 reddish tint, and the capsules a light old-rose, deep helio- 

 trope to wine-red. The grain-residues and the capsules 

 are more varied in color, but the averages are deeper than 

 in both E. katherince and E. puniceus. Both quantita- 

 tive and qualitative reactions with iodine exhibit a closer 

 relationship to E. katherince than to E. puniceus. 



Aniline Reactions. 



With gentian violet the grains begin to stain at once, 

 and in half an hour they are colored moderate to deep 

 (value 58). The color is lighter than in either E. 

 katherince or II. puniceus. 



With safranin the grains color at once, and in half 

 an hour they are moderate to deep in color, lighter than 

 in either E. katli.erince or E. puniceus (value 58). In 

 the reactions with aniline stains E. kbnig albert shows 

 a closer relationship to II. katherince than to E. puniceus. 



Temperature Reactions. 



The majority of the grains are gelatinized at 80° 



to 82° C, and all at 82.5° to 84° C, mean 83.25° C. 



The temperature of gelatinization is very uneven in this 



starch, practically all the larger broadened grains are 



gelatinized at 77° to 79° C, but the smaller narrower 



forms are resistant until 80° to 82° C. is reached, hence 



the temperature of gelatinization for the majority is at 



the latter point. The temperature of gelatinization of 



II. konig albert is closer to E. katherince than to E. 



puniceus. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 



-The reaction with chloral hydrate begins in a few 

 grains in 1 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 1 per cent of the entire number of grains and 3 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 16 

 per cent of the grains and 18 per cent of the total starch 

 in 15 minutes ; in about 33 per cent of the grains and 



