CRINUM. 



467 



and distorted, frequently having a few refractive gran- 

 ules near or at the proximal cud. 



The reaction with sulphuric acid begins immedi- 

 ately, a few grains are gelatinized in 20 seconds, and at 

 least 60 per cent are in the process of dissolution in 1 

 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 75 per 

 cent of the entire number of grains and 90 per cent of the 

 total starch in 5 minutes, and in over 99 per cent of the 

 total starch in 7 minutes. Gelatinization is complete 

 in all parts in 10 minutes. (Chart D 151.) 



The reaction with hydrochloric acid begins imme- 

 diately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 70 per 

 cent of the entire number of grains and in 88 per cent of 

 the total starch in 2 minutes, and in 99 per cent of the 

 total starch in 5 minutes. At the end of 5 minutes only 

 parts of rare grains remain unaffected and such parts 

 may resist gelatinization for 10 minutes. (Chart D 152.) 



The reaction with hydrochloric acid begins imme- 

 diately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 70 per 

 cent of the entire number of grains and in 88 per cent of 

 the total starch in 2 minutes, and in 99 per cent of the 

 total starch in 5 minutes. At the end of 5 minutes only 

 parts of rare grains remain unaffected and such parts 

 may resist gelatinization for 10 minutes. (Chart D 153.) 



The reaction with potassium hydroxide begins imme- 

 diately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 60 per 

 cent of the entire number of grains and 80 per cent of 

 the total starch in 1 minute ; in about 78 per cent of the 

 grains and 90 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; 

 in 82 per cent of the grains and 96 per cent of the total 

 starch in 10 minutes; in about 86 per cent of the grains 

 and 97 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes, and 

 in 93 per cent of the grains and 99 per cent of the total 

 starch in 30 minutes. Only a narrow border at the proxi- 

 mal end and extremely few scattered grains remain 

 ungelatinized. The reaction is qualitatively nearly the 

 same as in C. zeylanicum. The fissures at and pro- 

 ceeding from the liilum are not quite so enlarged as 

 in C. zeylanicum. The lamella; in the region near the 

 hilum become much more distinct than in C. zeylanicum, 

 and frequently those forming the distal band or marginal 

 border become sharply defined and striated, as noted 

 in G. zeylanicum. Gelatinization proceeds along well- 

 defined fissures which are more varied in form than in G. 

 zeylanicum. The distal band or marginal border is often 

 gelatinized and forms a ruined band or border around the 

 main body of the grain which is penetrated by a mass of 

 fissures breaking the starch into refractive fragments. 

 The refractive granules which appear upon disorganiza- 

 tion of the lamella; are much more brilliant in the body 

 of the grain than in the area of the distal band or mar- 

 ginal border, but the granules are not quite so refractive 

 as those observed in rare, completely gelatinized grains 

 of C. zeylanicum. The starch at the proximal end and 

 sides nearby is the most resistant in a larger number of 

 grains, as noted in the rare, completely gelatinized grains 

 of C. zeylanicum. The proximal end is fairly often 

 gelatinized before a band extending through the region 

 of the hilum, which was not noted in C. zeylanicum. 

 The gelatinized grains are swollen and somewhat dis- 

 torted. It is difficult or impossible to make a satisfactory 

 comparison of these grains with those of C. zeylanicum 

 because so few grains are completely gelatinized in G. 

 zeylanicum, and, as in the latter, irregular refractive 



masses frequently cause a wrinkling of the partially gela- 

 tinized grains, thus causing them to appear more dis- 

 torted than those of G. longifolium. (Chart D 154.) 



The reaction with potassium iodide begins immedi- 

 ately and a few grains are gelatinized in 1 minute. Com- 

 plete gelatinization occurs in about 73 per cent of the 

 entire number of grains and 90 per cent of the total 

 starch in 5 minutes; in about 81 per cent of the grains 

 and 94 per cent of the total starch in 10 minutes ; in about 

 87 per cent of the grains and 97 per cent of the total 

 starch in 15 minutes ; in about 90 per cent of the grains 

 and 98 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes; in 

 about the same percentage of grains and 9'.) per cent of 

 the total starch in 45 minutes ; and in about 94 per cent 

 of the grains and over 99 per cent of the total starch in 

 60 minutes. The small amount of ungelatinized starch 

 is found in the proximal end of the larger grains and at 

 the extreme margin of small (not minute) grains. Such 

 resistant parts are Crinum characteristics. (Chart D 155.) 



The fissures at the hilum frequently become much 

 enlarged and evidently inclose gas which usually collects 

 to form a large bubble that may suddenly or gradually 

 collapse. The fissures not so frequently enlarge, but if 

 they do the gas collects much oftener in a bubble and is 

 expelled more quickly (accompanied by loss of refractiv- 

 ity), than in C. zeylanicum. The lamellae become some- 

 what more sharply defined and striated, slightly more 

 than in C. zeylanicum. Fissures are formed which are 

 much branched and have the general characters of those 

 found in C. zeylanicum, though the direction of the fis- 

 suration often differs owing to the shapes of the grains, 

 and those seen in C. zeylanicum penetrating the mar- 

 ginal band are not usually present. The mesial region is 

 generally broken down into fairly to very refractive gran- 

 ules, the latter being found frequently along the course 

 of the deep fissures. These granules are more frequently 

 evenly distributed throughout the mesial region, and 

 they are more often refractive than in C. zeylanicum. 

 A band at the distal margin, or around the convex mar- 

 gin of plano-concave grains, may gelatinize without the 

 appearance of granules, and sometimes resembles a 

 slightly gathered ruffle when the main body of the grain is 

 resistant, this ruffle-like form being less gathered but 

 similar to that found in C. zeylanicum. The lamellae 

 at the distal margin are not usually disorganized into 

 linear granules, but gradually gelatinize, and in the 

 plano-convex grains they may form a serrated lining to 

 the caspule. The lack of disorganization into linearly 

 arranged granules is even more frequently observed than 

 in C. zeylanicum. The gelatinized grains are swollen; 

 but very little distorted, as in C. zeylanicum. About 

 half of the grains are not completely gelatinized and 

 contain either scattered refractive granules or a group of 

 granules around the hilum and a refractive granule 

 or a group of granules around the hilum and a refractive 

 band at the proximal end and sides. This band is 

 striated but rarely differentiated into lamella; or broken 

 into linear granules, and it is similar to but usually 

 narrower and not so frequently penetrated by fissures, 

 nor broken into fairly large refractive fragments, as in 

 C. zeylanicum. 



The reaction with potassium sulphocyanate begins im- 

 mediately and a few grains are entirely gelatinized in 1 

 minute. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 50 



