494 



DATA OF PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OF PARENT- AND HYBRID-STOCKS. 



total starch in 5 minutes; in about 0.5 per cent of the 

 grains and 1 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; 

 in about 1 per cent of the grains and 5 per cent of the 

 total starch in 30 minutes; in about 4 per cent of the 

 grains and 10 per cent of the total starch in 45 minutes; 

 in about 10 per cent of the grains and 17 per cent of the 

 total starch in 60 minutes. (Chart D 207.) 



The reaction with cupric chloride begins in a few 

 grains immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 about 1 per cent of the entire number of grains and 3 per 

 cent of the total starch in 5 minutes ; very little advance 

 in 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes, respectively. (Chart 

 D208.) 



The reaction with barium chloride begins in rare 

 grains in 2 minutes. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 less than 0.5 per cent of the entire number of grains 

 and total starch in 5 minutes; slight progress in 15 min- 

 utes; in less than 0.5 per cent of the grains and total 

 starch in 30 minutes; little if any further advance in 

 45 and 60 minutes, respectively. (Chart D209.) 



The reaction with mercuric chloride begins in rare 

 grains in 2 minutes. Complete gelatinization occurs in 

 less than 0.5 per cent of the entire number of grains and 1 

 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 0.5 

 per cent of the grains and 2 per cent of the total starch 

 in 15 minutes; little if any further advance occurs in 30, 

 45, and 60 minutes, respectively. (Chart D 210.) 



11. Starches of Nerine bowdeni, N. sarniensis 

 var. corusca major, n. giantess, and n. 

 abundance. 



Nerine bowdeni (Seed Parent). 



(Plate 7, figs. 37 and 40; Charts D 211 to D 231.) 

 Histologic Properties. 

 In form the grains are usually simple and isolated, 

 but there are many compound grains and a moderate 

 number of aggregates. The compound grains are very 

 varied in character ; some consist of 2 equal-sized grains, 

 each composed of 8 or 9 lamella? surrounded by 4 or 5 

 secondary common lamellae ; others of a large simple grain 

 to whose distal margin usually 1 or sometimes 2 or more 

 very small grains have become adherent, and all in turn 

 are surrounded by 4 to 6 or 8 common lamellag; others 

 of 2 equal-sized grains, 1 or both of which are in turn 

 compound; and yet others which are a combination of 

 aggregate and compound grains — that is to say consist- 

 ing of 2 small grains surrounded by a large number of 

 common lamellae and so making a large compound grain, 

 to the distal end of which a smaller simple grain is 

 adherent, or compound grains such as were described 

 above in which 1 or 2 small simple or compound grains, 

 after adhering to the distal margin of a large simple 

 grain, are inclosed with this grain in a number of 

 lamella?, to whose margin in turn a simple grain be- 

 came adherent. The aggregates usually consist of 2 or 

 more equal-sized grains, linearly arranged, but not neces- 

 sarily adherent at both distal ends, or of 1, 2, or many 

 small grains adherent to the margin and surface of a large 

 grain. There is also the combination of aggregate and 

 compound grains mentioned above. The grains are irreg- 

 ular, the irregularities due to the following causes: (1) 

 Many depressions and notches in the margin; (2) the 

 greater development of one part of the distal end or of 



one side than the other; (3) low, rounded protuberances 

 from the margin at various points; (4) a deviation of the 

 longitudinal axis, usually near the middle, with a conse- 

 quent bending of the grain; (5) the addition of small 

 grains to- larger ones forming irregular compounds. 

 The conspicuous forms are broad ovoid, elliptical, len- 

 ticular, large irregularly quadrilateral and polygonal, 

 and clam-shell-shapes; and, among the smaller grains, 

 ovoid and elliptical. There are also pyriform and trian- 

 gular; and, among the smaller grains, round and nearly 

 round. The large broad quadrilateral and polygonal, and 

 the clam-shell-shaped grains are flattened, the rest of the 

 grains are not. 



The hilum is a very distinct round or lenticular spot, 

 which is rarely fissured ; if present the fissure is a small 

 angled, unbranched line. The hilum is not infrequently 

 centric but is, as a rule, eccentric from 0.46 to 0.17, 

 usually 0.35, of the longitudinal axis. 



The lamellcB are very distinct and often rather fine, 

 although coarse lamella; are common. The lamellae about 

 the hilum may be coarse and those about the distal end 

 fine, or the reverse, or there may be many coarse lamella; 

 throughout the grain forming bands, or dividing the fine 

 lamellae into bands of varying width; or again, there 

 may be only two or three coarse lamellae separating broad 

 bands of fine lamellae. The number counted on the 

 larger grains varies from 20 to 40, usually 32. 



In size the grains vary from the smaller which are 

 8 by 8/t, and 10 by 6/*, to the larger broad forms which 

 are 52 by 72/x., and 58 by 60/*, to the larger more elon- 

 gated forms which are 66 by 40/*, and 66 by 34/i, in 

 length and breadth. The common sizes are 40 by 24/* 

 and 36 by 34/*. 



Polariscopic Properties. 



The figure is nearly centric to very eccentric, the 

 mean being moderately eccentric, distinct, and moder- 

 ately clear-cut. The lines are commonly not very fine 

 and intersect obliquely at varying angles, but may not 

 intersect at all but only approach one another at the 

 hilum. They are often very much bent and sometimes 

 bisected, and there may be 5 or 6 lines instead of 4. 



The degree of polarization is moderate to very high 

 (value 85). It varies in different grains, a few having 

 a moderate, and more a very high polarization, the 

 majority having a high polarization. Considerable vari- 

 ation in polarization in the same aspect of a given grain 

 is often present. 



With selenite the quadrants are usually moderately 

 well defined, unequal in size, and irregular in shape. 

 The colors are usually pure, but moderately often are not 

 pure, the yellow less often pure than the blue. A moder- 

 ate number of the grains have a greenish tinge. 



Iodine Reactions. 

 With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution, the grains color 

 a moderate blue-violet (value 50), which very rapidly 

 becomes deep to very deep, the bluish tint increasing. 

 With 0.125 per cent Lugol's solution the grains color 

 a light blue-violet which deepens rapidly, becoming more 

 blue, the depth varying from moderately deep to deep. 

 After heating in water until the grains are gelatinized, 

 and then adding a 2 per cent Lugol's solution, the grains 

 color a very light to very deep indigo-blue, the 



